| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 250μg |
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| 500μg |
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| 1mg |
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| 2mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| Other Sizes |
Purity: ≥98%
| Targets |
FSH targets the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), a G protein-coupled receptor expressed on the surface of ovarian granulosa cells and testicular Sertoli cells. Binding of FSH to its receptor activates the cAMP signaling pathway, leading to the stimulation of follicular growth, estrogen production, and spermatogenesis.
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| ln Vitro |
In ovarian granulosa cells, folicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) induces the production of inhibin, which lowers FSH production [1].
In vitro, FSH stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of granulosa cells in ovarian follicles. It induces the expression of aromatase and other steroidogenic enzymes, leading to estrogen production. FSH also supports the survival of follicles and prevents apoptosis. Specific EC50 values depend on the assay system and cell type. |
| ln Vivo |
The total number of corpus luteum (CL), the number of embryos recovered, and the number of high-quality embryos that can be transferred in goats implanted with Norgestomet are all increased by folicle-stimulating hormone (1-4 mg/goat; intramuscular injection; twice daily for 2 days) [2].
In vivo, FSH is essential for normal reproductive function. In females, it stimulates follicular development and ovulation. In males, it supports spermatogenesis. FSH is used clinically to induce ovulation in infertile women and to stimulate spermatogenesis in men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. |
| Enzyme Assay |
The activity of FSH is assessed using cell-based bioassays. Cells expressing the FSH receptor (e.g., CHO cells transfected with FSHR) are treated with FSH, and cAMP production is measured by ELISA or radioimmunoassay. Alternatively, granulosa cell cultures are used to measure estradiol production in response to FSH stimulation.
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| Cell Assay |
For cellular studies, granulosa cells or FSHR-expressing cell lines are cultured in appropriate media. Cells are treated with FSH at various concentrations for defined periods. cAMP levels are measured by ELISA. Steroid hormone production (e.g., estradiol) is measured by immunoassay. Cell proliferation is assessed by BrdU incorporation or cell counting.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Non-lactating mixed breed dairy goats implanted with Norgestomet[1]
Doses: 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg, and 4 mg; treated after implanted 6 mg Norgestomet for 11 d Route of Administration: intramuscular (im) injection; twice (two times) daily for 2 days , with 12 h interval Experimental Results: Increased the total corpus luteum (CL), and diminished the number of abnormal CL. Increased the number of embryos recovered and high-quality embryos. In vivo studies for FSH are conducted in animal models of reproduction. FSH is administered by subcutaneous or intramuscular injection to female rodents to stimulate follicular development and ovulation, or to male rodents to stimulate spermatogenesis. Ovarian and testicular weights, hormone levels, and fertility outcomes are assessed. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
FSH has a molecular weight of approximately 30-35 kDa (heterodimer). It is administered by injection and has a half-life of several hours. The hormone is cleared primarily by the kidneys and liver. Clinical formulations include recombinant FSH (follitropin alfa, follitropin beta) and urinary-derived FSH.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
FSH is generally well-tolerated at therapeutic doses. Common adverse effects include injection site reactions, headache, and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in women. As a hormone, it should be used under medical supervision.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Depending on state or federal labeling requirements, urinary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) may cause developmental toxicity. Urinary FSH is a protein extracted from the urine of menopausal women in which luteinizing hormone has been partially or completely removed. Urinary FSH represents follicle-stimulating hormone in urine. See also: Urinary FSH (note moved to).
Follicle-stimulating hormone is a glycoprotein hormone used for infertility treatment. It stimulates follicular development and spermatogenesis. Clinical formulations include recombinant and urinary-derived FSH. Approved for therapeutic use in infertility. |
| Molecular Formula |
C42H65N11O12S2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
980.16200709343
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| Exact Mass |
979.425
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| CAS # |
146479-72-3
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| PubChem CID |
62819
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| Sequence |
Cys-Tyr-Ile-Thr-Asn-Cys-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2(Cys1&Cys6 bridge)
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| LogP |
-1.5
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
12
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
15
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
15
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| Heavy Atom Count |
67
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| Complexity |
1790
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CCC(C)C1C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(CSSCC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)N1)CC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)N)C(=O)N3CCCC3C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N)CC(=O)N)C(C)O
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| InChi Key |
ZDRRIRUAESZNIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C42H65N11O12S2/c1-6-21(4)33-40(63)52-34(22(5)54)41(64)49-28(16-31(44)56)37(60)50-29(19-67-66-18-25(43)35(58)47-27(38(61)51-33)15-23-9-11-24(55)12-10-23)42(65)53-13-7-8-30(53)39(62)48-26(14-20(2)3)36(59)46-17-32(45)57/h9-12,20-22,25-30,33-34,54-55H,6-8,13-19,43H2,1-5H3,(H2,44,56)(H2,45,57)(H,46,59)(H,47,58)(H,48,62)(H,49,64)(H,50,60)(H,51,61)(H,52,63)
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| Chemical Name |
1-[19-amino-7-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-13-butan-2-yl-10-(1-hydroxyethyl)-16-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentazacycloicosane-4-carbonyl]-N-[1-[(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.0202 mL | 5.1012 mL | 10.2024 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2040 mL | 1.0202 mL | 2.0405 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1020 mL | 0.5101 mL | 1.0202 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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