| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Flosequinan acts as a direct vasodilator, dilating both arteries and veins to reduce preload and afterload. It has inhibitory effects on phosphoinositide metabolism, which may affect intracellular calcium mobilization. The compound also has some positive inotropic effects. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood but involves smooth muscle relaxation and improved cardiac output.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro studies demonstrate that flosequinan inhibits phosphoinositide metabolism and affects intracellular calcium mobilization. It induces relaxation of vascular smooth muscle in isolated vessel preparations. The compound's vasodilatory effects have been characterized in various in vitro models using isolated arteries and veins.
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| ln Vivo |
Flosequinan has been shown to be effective in the treatment of patients with congestive heart failure, particularly those who are intolerant to ACE inhibitors. It reduces preload and afterload, improving cardiac output and relieving symptoms of heart failure. However, clinical trials revealed increased mortality in treated patients, leading to its withdrawal from the market.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For non-cellular assays, flosequinan's effects on phosphoinositide metabolism can be evaluated using membrane preparations or isolated enzymes. The compound's inhibition of phosphoinositide hydrolysis can be measured by monitoring the production of inositol phosphates in cell-free systems. Its vasodilatory effects can be assessed using isolated blood vessel rings in organ bath experiments.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for flosequinan involve treating vascular smooth muscle cells with the compound and measuring intracellular calcium levels. Cells are loaded with a calcium-sensitive dye (e.g., Fura-2), and changes in intracellular calcium concentration are measured upon stimulation with vasoconstrictors. The compound's effects on cell contraction and relaxation are also assessed.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with flosequinan involve administering the compound to animal models of heart failure. Dogs or rats with induced heart failure are treated with flosequinan, and hemodynamic parameters such as cardiac output, blood pressure, and pulmonary wedge pressure are measured. The compound's effects on survival and disease progression are also assessed.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Metabolism / Metabolites
The known human metabolites of Flosequinan include fluoroquinolone sulfones. Flosequinan has a molecular weight of 239.27 and a molecular formula of C₁₁H₁₀FNO₂S. It is a solid at room temperature and is typically stored at room temperature. The compound is soluble in DMSO and other organic solvents. Purity is typically ≥98%. It is stable under recommended storage conditions and is protected from light and moisture. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Flosequinan was generally well-tolerated in clinical use, but adverse effects included headache, dizziness, and gastrointestinal disturbances. The compound was withdrawn from the market due to increased mortality in chronic heart failure patients, which was attributed to its effects on cardiac function and potential proarrhythmic effects.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Flosequinan belong to the quinoline class of drugs. Flosequinan were approved for marketing in the United States and the United Kingdom for a year, but were withdrawn from the market after drug trials found that they increased mortality in patients with chronic heart failure.
Flosequinan (BTS 49 465) is a mixed arteriolar and venous vasodilator that was used for the treatment of congestive heart failure. It was approved in the USA and the UK but was withdrawn due to increased mortality. The compound has inhibitory effects on phosphoinositide metabolism and some positive inotropic effects. It is available from various commercial suppliers for research applications. |
| Molecular Formula |
C11H10NO2FS
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
239.266
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| Exact Mass |
239.042
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| CAS # |
76568-02-0
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| PubChem CID |
4474062
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| Density |
1.44g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
423.1ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
226-228°
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| Flash Point |
209.7ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.654
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| LogP |
2.28
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
16
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| Complexity |
369
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O=C1C(S(C)=O)=CN(C)C2=C1C=CC(F)=C2
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| InChi Key |
UYGONJYYUKVHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C11H10FNO2S/c1-13-6-10(16(2)15)11(14)8-4-3-7(12)5-9(8)13/h3-6H,1-2H3
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| Chemical Name |
7-fluoro-1-methyl-3-methylsulfinylquinolin-4-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.1794 mL | 20.8969 mL | 41.7938 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8359 mL | 4.1794 mL | 8.3588 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4179 mL | 2.0897 mL | 4.1794 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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