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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
FINO-2 targets glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), an enzyme that plays a critical role in protecting cells against oxidative damage by reducing lipid hydroperoxides. FINO-2 indirectly inhibits GPX4 and oxidizes iron, decreasing GPX4 activity and protein levels in vitro. It causes extensive lipid peroxidation, leading to ferroptotic cell death.
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| ln Vitro |
In HT-1080 cells, FINO2 (10 µM; 24 hours) causes ferroptosis and demonstrates an iron-dependent lipid peroxidation [1].
In vitro, FINO-2 is a potent inducer of ferroptosis. It inhibits GPX4 activity, decreases GPX4 activity and protein levels, and causes extensive lipid peroxidation. FINO-2 functions as a stable oxidant, oxidizing ferrous iron and remaining stable at different pH values. It does not act as an active site, allosteric, or covalent inhibitor of GPX4. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, FINO-2 can be used to investigate the role of ferroptosis in neurodegenerative diseases and ischemia-reperfusion injury. As a ferroptosis-inducing compound, it may have potential for studying diseases associated with oxidative stress and iron-dependent cell death.
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| Enzyme Assay |
FINO-2's GPX4 inhibition and ferroptosis-inducing activity can be characterized in cell-free and cell-based assays. The compound's ability to oxidize iron and cause lipid peroxidation can be measured using biochemical assays. GPX4 activity can be measured using standard enzyme assays with appropriate substrates.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell experiments with FINO-2 involve treating cells with the compound and assessing ferroptosis markers, including lipid peroxidation, iron accumulation, and cell death. The compound's effects on GPX4 activity and protein levels are measured. Cell viability is assessed using standard assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies with FINO-2 have been conducted to investigate the role of ferroptosis in neurodegenerative diseases and ischemia-reperfusion injury. The compound is typically administered via injection. Detailed protocols regarding dosage, treatment duration, and specific animal models are not extensively reported.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data specific to FINO-2 are limited in the available literature. As a small molecule with a molecular weight of 272.38 g/mol, the compound is expected to have reasonable bioavailability. Further pharmacokinetic studies are needed.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
FINO-2 is considered safe for research use at typical concentrations. As a research compound, it is intended for laboratory use only and not for human consumption. The compound should be handled under standard laboratory safety practices with appropriate precautions.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
FINO2 is an oxaspirocyclic compound with the structure 1,2-dioxaspirocyclic[4.5]decane, substituted at positions 3, 3, and 8 with methyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, and tert-butyl groups, respectively (5S,8S-stereoisomers). It induces ferroptosis in cancer cells by indirectly inhibiting the enzymatic activity of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and directly oxidizes iron, leading to extensive lipid peroxidation. FINO2 exhibits a dual effect of inducing ferroptosis and antitumor activity. It is an oxaspirocyclic compound, an organic peroxide, a primary alcohol, and an organic heterobicyclic compound.
FINO-2 has a molecular formula of C₁₅H₂₈O₄ and a molecular weight of 272.38 g/mol. It is a potent ferroptosis-inducing compound that inhibits GPX4 activity. It functions as a stable oxidant, oxidizing ferrous iron and causing extensive lipid peroxidation. It can be used to investigate the role of ferroptosis in neurodegenerative diseases and ischemia-reperfusion injury. |
| Molecular Formula |
C15H28O3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
256.381025314331
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| Exact Mass |
256.203
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| CAS # |
869298-31-7
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| PubChem CID |
23815485
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.0±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
323.8±11.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
149.6±19.3 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.6 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.491
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| LogP |
3.6
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
18
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| Complexity |
287
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CC1(CC2(CCC(CC2)C(C)(C)C)OO1)CCO
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| InChi Key |
RWJLCLCUNHUSPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C15H28O3/c1-13(2,3)12-5-7-15(8-6-12)11-14(4,9-10-16)17-18-15/h12,16H,5-11H2,1-4H3
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| Chemical Name |
2-(8-tert-butyl-3-methyl-1,2-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-3-yl)ethanol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~50 mg/mL (~195.02 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.9005 mL | 19.5023 mL | 39.0046 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7801 mL | 3.9005 mL | 7.8009 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3900 mL | 1.9502 mL | 3.9005 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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