| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
FAD-Na2 serves as a coenzyme for flavoproteins, including dehydrogenases, oxidases, and reductases. As a redox cofactor, FAD accepts two electrons and two protons to become FADH₂, participating in electron transfer reactions in the mitochondrial electron transport chain and various metabolic pathways. FAD is essential for the activity of enzymes such as succinate dehydrogenase, acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and glutathione reductase.
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| ln Vitro |
Using the lowest potentials reported for NADH transducers (0.00 V, pH 7.4), poly(Flavin adenine dinucleotide, or FAD) is a highly effective electrocatalyst for NADH oxidation. Its electrochemical rate constant of 1.8 ± 0.6×10-3 cm/s is at the level of the NADH mass-transfer constant. Poly(FAD) is also characterized by an additional polymer-type redox reaction. The most beneficial NADH transducers for analytical chemistry are electrodes modified with poly(FAD) because of their significantly increased stability[2].
In vitro, FAD-Na2 functions as a coenzyme for flavoprotein enzymes. The compound's redox activity can be assessed spectrophotometrically by monitoring the reduction of FAD to FADH₂ at 450 nm. FAD-Na2 is used as a supplement in cell culture media and enzyme assays to support flavoprotein activity. The compound's role in electron transfer and metabolic reactions has been extensively characterized. |
| ln Vivo |
Flavin adenine dinucleotide (2 mg/kg) considerably cancels the lowering in ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) caused by chlorpromazine (CPZ). The impact of CPZ on the mitochondria of canine hearts is neutralized by flavin adenine dinucleotide. The dogs exhibit a brief hypotension after receiving a Flavin adenine dinucleotide injection, lasting 10 minutes, after which their blood pressure returns to normal. Chlorpromazine-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is likewise avoided by flavin adenine dinucleotide[1].
In vivo, FAD-Na2 serves as an essential coenzyme for flavoproteins involved in energy metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and antioxidant defense. As a vitamin B2 derivative, FAD is obtained from dietary sources and is essential for normal cellular function. FAD deficiency can lead to various metabolic disorders. The compound is used as a nutritional supplement and in the treatment of riboflavin deficiency. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cellular enzyme assays for FAD-Na2 involve assessing its role as a cofactor for flavoprotein enzymes. Purified flavoprotein enzymes (e.g., glutathione reductase, succinate dehydrogenase) are incubated with FAD-Na2 and substrate, and enzyme activity is measured spectrophotometrically by monitoring the oxidation or reduction of the substrate. The compound's redox cycling can be assessed by measuring the absorbance change at 450 nm upon reduction.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for FAD-Na2 involve supplementing cell culture media with the compound and assessing flavoprotein enzyme activity or cellular metabolism. Cells are cultured in media containing FAD-Na2, and enzyme activities are measured in cell lysates using spectrophotometric assays. The compound's effects on cellular redox status and energy metabolism can be assessed using appropriate biochemical assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with FAD-Na2 are conducted in models of riboflavin deficiency or metabolic disorders. Animals are fed FAD-Na2-supplemented diets, and flavoprotein enzyme activities are measured in tissues. The compound's effects on energy metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and antioxidant defense are assessed. Pharmacokinetic studies characterize absorption and tissue distribution of FAD and its metabolites.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
FAD-Na2 has a molecular weight of 829.51 and a molecular formula of C₂₇H₃₁N₉Na₂O₁₅P₂. It is a yellow to orange powder with a purity of ≥90%. The compound is soluble in water and other polar solvents. It is typically stored at -20°C, protected from light and moisture. FAD-Na2 is hygroscopic and should be stored in a desiccated environment. The compound is stable under recommended storage conditions.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
FAD-Na2 is generally recognized as safe for use as a nutritional supplement and research reagent. It has low toxicity at therapeutic doses. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound. It may cause skin, eye, and respiratory irritation. Appropriate personal protective equipment should be used.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Flavin adenine dinucleotide disodium is a flavin nucleotide.
FAD-Na2 (Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide Disodium Salt; CAS 84366-81-4) is the disodium salt form of FAD, a redox-active coenzyme derived from riboflavin (vitamin B2). It serves as a prosthetic group for flavoproteins involved in energy metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and antioxidant defense. FAD-Na2 is used as a research reagent and nutritional supplement. The compound is available from various commercial suppliers. |
| Molecular Formula |
C27H33N9NAO15P2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
808.539518117905
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| Exact Mass |
829.121
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| CAS # |
84366-81-4
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| Related CAS # |
146-14-5 (free acid);84366-81-4 (sodium);
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| PubChem CID |
2734019
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| Appearance |
Yellow to orange solid powder
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
7
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
20
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
13
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| Heavy Atom Count |
55
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| Complexity |
1550
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
7
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| SMILES |
CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C3=NC(=O)NC(=O)C3=N2)C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](COP(=O)([O-])OP(=O)([O-])OC[C@@H]4[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O4)N5C=NC6=C(N=CN=C65)N)O)O)O)O)O.[Na+].[Na+]
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| InChi Key |
XLRHXNIVIZZOON-WFUPGROFSA-L
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C27H33N9O15P2.2Na/c1-10-3-12-13(4-11(10)2)35(24-18(32-12)25(42)34-27(43)33-24)5-14(37)19(39)15(38)6-48-52(44,45)51-53(46,47)49-7-16-20(40)21(41)26(50-16)36-9-31-17-22(28)29-8-30-23(17)36;;/h3-4,8-9,14-16,19-21,26,37-41H,5-7H2,1-2H3,(H,44,45)(H,46,47)(H2,28,29,30)(H,34,42,43);;/q;2*+1/p-2/t14-,15+,16+,19-,20+,21+,26+;;/m0../s1
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| Chemical Name |
disodium;[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-oxidophosphoryl] [(2R,3S,4S)-5-(7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxobenzo[g]pteridin-10-yl)-2,3,4-trihydroxypentyl] phosphate
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| Synonyms |
FADNa2; FAD Na2; FAD-Na2
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~33.33 mg/mL (~40.18 mM)
DMSO : ~5 mg/mL (~6.03 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.2368 mL | 6.1840 mL | 12.3680 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2474 mL | 1.2368 mL | 2.4736 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1237 mL | 0.6184 mL | 1.2368 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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