| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Exo-2 targets the intracellular trafficking machinery, interfering with transport between endosomes and the trans-Golgi network. It blocks the export of secreted substances from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and destroys the Golgi apparatus structure without affecting TGN morphology.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Exo-2 blocks the transport of Shiga toxin from endosomes to the Golgi. It inhibits secretion of various proteins, disrupts Golgi morphology, and stimulates calcium-dependent extracellular interactions in permeable/penetrable adrenal chromatin cells. It does not affect TGN morphology.
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| ln Vivo |
Exo-2 is a secretion inhibitor primarily used for ex vivo studies of vesicular transport. In animal models, it can be administered to study the effects of Golgi disruption and secretion blockade on physiological processes. Doses and routes of administration vary by study.
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| Enzyme Assay |
This cell-free protocol is not applicable as Exo-2 targets intact vesicular transport machinery. For binding studies using isolated Golgi or endosome preparations, purified membranes (100 ug protein) are incubated with Exo-2 (1-100 uM) in transport buffer for 30 min at 37degC, followed by vesicle budding and fusion assays to assess transport inhibition.
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| Cell Assay |
HeLa or other adherent cells are seeded on coverslips or in 6-well plates. Exo-2 (10-100 uM) is added to the culture medium for 2-24 hours. Golgi morphology is assessed by immunofluorescence staining of Golgi markers (GM130, giantin) using confocal microscopy. Secretion of a reporter protein (e.g., secreted alkaline phosphatase, SEAP) is measured in culture supernatants. Shiga toxin transport is tracked using fluorescently labeled toxin.
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| Animal Protocol |
Detailed in vivo animal protocols are limited. Exo-2 can be administered to rodents via intraperitoneal or intravenous injection at doses of 5-25 mg/kg. Tissues (e.g., liver, pancreas, intestinal epithelium) are collected 2-24 hours post-injection. Golgi morphology is assessed by electron microscopy or immunofluorescence. Secreted protein levels in plasma are measured by ELISA.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for Exo-2 are limited. Solubility: DMSO (~25 mg/mL, ~70.54 mM). Storage: powder at -20degC for 3 years; in solvent at -80degC for 6 months. Molecular weight: 354.43; formula: C18H18N4O2S. For in vivo formulation, DMSO:Tween80:saline (10:5:85) or DMSO:PEG300:Tween80:saline (10:40:5:45) is recommended.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity studies have not been extensively reported. Standard safety precautions for research chemicals apply. Exo-2 is for research use only, not for human use. Avoid inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact. Use personal protective equipment and work in a fume hood.
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| Additional Infomation |
Exo2 belongs to the phenolic class and also to the methoxybenzene class.
This is a research-grade secretion inhibitor, not an approved drug. It is a valuable tool for studying protein secretion, membrane trafficking, and Golgi function in cell biology. Also known as EVT-3259710. Purity: ≥98%. |
| Molecular Formula |
C18H18N4O2S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
354.42612
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| Exact Mass |
354.115
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| CAS # |
304684-77-3
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| PubChem CID |
135598554
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
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| LogP |
3.803
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
7
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
25
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| Complexity |
480
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
COC1=C/C(=C\NNC2N=CN=C3C=2C2CCCCC=2S3)/C=CC1=O
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| InChi Key |
VFNUTEMVQGLDAG-ZVBGSRNCSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C18H18N4O2S/c1-24-14-8-11(6-7-13(14)23)9-21-22-17-16-12-4-2-3-5-15(12)25-18(16)20-10-19-17/h6-10,23H,2-5H2,1H3,(H,19,20,22)/b21-9+
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| Chemical Name |
2-methoxy-4-[(E)-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[1]benzothiolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-ylhydrazinylidene)methyl]phenol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~25 mg/mL (~70.54 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.8214 mL | 14.1072 mL | 28.2143 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5643 mL | 2.8214 mL | 5.6429 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2821 mL | 1.4107 mL | 2.8214 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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