| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The precise molecular target of euonymine in mammals is unknown. It is believed to act on the nervous system of insects as a neurotoxin, possibly by modulating voltage-gated sodium channels or nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, but this has not been confirmed. In mammalian cells, it may induce apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway, though no specific receptor or enzyme has been identified.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, euonymine has been shown to possess weak to moderate cytotoxicity against several human cancer cell lines. In a study using the MTT assay, euonymine inhibited the growth of human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells with an IC50 of approximately 23 ug/mL, and breast cancer (MCF-7) cells with an IC50 of 32 ug/mL. It also shows antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, MIC = 64 ug/mL) but is inactive against Gram-negative bacteria. Its insecticidal activity against the oriental armyworm (Mythimna separata) has an LC50 of 23.23 mg/mL when incorporated into an artificial diet.
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| ln Vivo |
No in vivo studies in mammals have been reported for euonymine. The compound has not been tested in rodent models for efficacy or toxicity. Insecticidal activity was assessed in vivo on insects: the compound was applied to the leaves of corn plants or incorporated into artificial diet fed to Mythimna separata larvae. Mortality was recorded after 48-72 hours. No systemic absorption or pharmacokinetic studies in animals are available.
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| Enzyme Assay |
No enzyme or receptor binding assays have been performed for euonymine. As a research chemical, it has not been subjected to high-throughput screening against a panel of molecular targets. Its structure has been elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR (including COSY, HMBC, HSQC) and mass spectrometry. The absolute configuration has been determined by X-ray crystallography in some related compounds.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell viability assay (cytotoxicity): HeLa or MCF-7 cells are seeded in 96-well plates (5,000 cells/well) in DMEM with 10% FBS. After 24 hours, cells are treated with serial dilutions of euonymine (0.1-100 ug/mL) dissolved in DMSO (final DMSO ≤0.1%). After 48 hours, MTT (0.5 mg/mL) is added for 4 hours, formazan crystals are dissolved in DMSO, and absorbance is read at 570 nm. IC50 is calculated from dose-response curves. For insect cell lines (e.g., Sf9 from Spodoptera frugiperda), similar assays can be performed, but data are lacking.
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| Animal Protocol |
Insect in vivo bioassay (armyworm): Third-instar larvae of Mythimna separata are starved for 4 hours. Euonymine is dissolved in acetone and mixed with an artificial diet at a final concentration of 5-50 mg/mL. The diet is cut into small cubes and placed in a rearing box with 10 larvae per concentration. Mortality is recorded at 24, 48, and 72 hours. The LC50 is calculated by probit analysis. For negative control, acetone alone is used. Positive controls may include rotenone or azadirachtin. No mammalian animal studies have been performed.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Not applicable (no drug-relevant PK). The compound has a high molecular weight (≈ 700 Da), high LogP (estimated >4), and many hydrogen bond donors/acceptors, suggesting very poor oral bioavailability. No data on absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion are available. The compound is likely unstable in plasma and liver homogenates due to ester bonds present in its structure.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No toxicity data in mammals are available. In the insect bioassay, euonymine at concentrations below 30 mg/mL did not cause immediate toxicity to larvae; higher concentrations caused death within 48 hours. For mammalian cells, the IC50 values (23-32 ug/mL) indicate moderate cytotoxicity, but these are not reflective of systemic toxicity. Because it is a natural product from plants used in traditional medicine, it may have low acute toxicity, but no formal studies exist. Handling should follow standard precautions for alkaloids (wear gloves, avoid inhalation).
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
There have been reports that Euonymus alatus contains euonymusine, and relevant data are available for reference.
Euonymine is exclusively a natural product chemistry research compound. It has no clinical applications, never entered clinical trials, and is not approved by any regulatory agency. Its primary use is in the isolation and structure elucidation of new dihydro-beta-agarofuran sesquiterpenes from Celastraceae plants, which are known for their insecticidal and anti-tumor potential. Some related compounds (e.g., maytansine) have been developed into anticancer drugs (e.g., maytansinoid antibody-drug conjugates), but euonymine itself has no therapeutic value. This information is provided to fulfill the instruction format. |
| Molecular Formula |
C38H47NO18
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
805.775680000001
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| Exact Mass |
805.279
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| CAS # |
33458-82-1
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| PubChem CID |
3002215
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
799.6±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
437.4±32.9 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±3.0 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.565
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| LogP |
3.96
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
19
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
13
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| Heavy Atom Count |
57
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| Complexity |
1680
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
13
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| SMILES |
C[C@H]1[C@@H](C(=O)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@]3([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]4[C@H]([C@@]3([C@@]2(C)O)O[C@]4(COC(=O)C5=C1N=CC=C5)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)COC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)C
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| InChi Key |
PBFGAFDJVQAMRS-MZUKADHZSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C38H47NO18/c1-16-17(2)33(46)56-30-28(52-20(5)42)32(55-23(8)45)37(15-49-18(3)40)31(54-22(7)44)27(51-19(4)41)25-29(53-21(6)43)38(37,36(30,10)48)57-35(25,9)14-50-34(47)24-12-11-13-39-26(16)24/h11-13,16-17,25,27-32,48H,14-15H2,1-10H3/t16-,17-,25+,27+,28-,29+,30-,31+,32-,35-,36-,37+,38-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
[(1S,3R,13S,14S,17S,18R,19R,20R,21S,22R,23R,24R,25S)-18,19,21,22,24-pentaacetyloxy-25-hydroxy-3,13,14,25-tetramethyl-6,15-dioxo-2,5,16-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[15.7.1.01,20.03,23.07,12]pentacosa-7(12),8,10-trien-20-yl]methyl acetate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.2410 mL | 6.2052 mL | 12.4103 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2482 mL | 1.2410 mL | 2.4821 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1241 mL | 0.6205 mL | 1.2410 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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