| Size | Price | |
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| 500mg | ||
| 1g | ||
| Other Sizes |
Ethonafide is an anthracene-containing analogue of amonafide that belongs to the azonafide series of anticancer agents. The lack of cross-resistance in multidrug-resistant cancer cell lines and the absence of a quinone and hydroquinone moiety make ethonafide a potentially less cardiotoxic replacement for existing anthracene-containing anticancer agents. Ethonafide was cytotoxic against three human prostate cancer cell lines at nanomolar concentrations. Ethonafide was found to be better tolerated and more effective at inhibiting tumor growth compared with mitoxantrone in a human xenograft tumor regression mouse model. Mechanistically, we found that ethonafide inhibited topoisomerase II activity by stabilizing the enzyme-DNA complex, involving both topoisomerase IIalpha and -beta. In addition, ethonafide induced a potent G(2) cell cycle arrest in the DU 145 human prostate cancer cell line. By creating stable cell lines with decreased expression of topoisomerase IIalpha or -beta, we found that a decrease in topoisomerase IIalpha protein expression renders the cell line resistant to ethonafide. The decrease in sensitivity to ethonafide was associated with a decrease in DNA damage and an increase in DNA repair as measured by the neutral comet assay. These data demonstrate that ethonafide is a topoisomerase II poison and that it is topoisomerase IIalpha-specific in the DU 145 human prostate cancer cell line. (//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17351106.)
| References |
: Congdon LM, Pourpak A, Escalante AM, Dorr RT, Landowski TH. Proteasomal inhibition stabilizes topoisomerase IIalpha protein and reverses resistance to the topoisomerase II poison ethonafide (AMP-53, 6-ethoxyazonafide). Biochem Pharmacol. 2008 Feb 15;75(4):883-90. Epub 2007 Nov 4. PubMed PMID: 18062937; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2271051.
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| Molecular Formula |
C22H22N2O3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
362.42
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| Exact Mass |
362.163
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| CAS # |
175293-23-9
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| Related CAS # |
175293-23-9;
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| PubChem CID |
10522660
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| LogP |
3.066
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
27
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| Complexity |
578
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O(CC)C1=C2C=CC=CC2=C2C(N(C(C3C=CC=C1C2=3)=O)CCN(C)C)=O
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| InChi Key |
CQZISUJEDPJJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C22H22N2O3/c1-4-27-20-15-9-6-5-8-14(15)19-18-16(20)10-7-11-17(18)21(25)24(22(19)26)13-12-23(2)3/h5-11H,4,12-13H2,1-3H3
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| Chemical Name |
15-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-8-ethoxy-15-azatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.013,17]heptadeca-1(17),2,4,6,8,10,12-heptaene-14,16-dione
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.7592 mL | 13.7961 mL | 27.5923 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5518 mL | 2.7592 mL | 5.5185 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2759 mL | 1.3796 mL | 2.7592 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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