| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5mg |
|
||
| 10mg |
|
||
| 100mg | |||
| 250mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Etanidazole targets hypoxic cells in solid tumors. As a 2-nitroimidazole, it is preferentially reduced in hypoxic conditions to reactive intermediates that cause DNA damage and cell death. The compound acts as a radiosensitizer by sensitizing hypoxic tumor cells to radiation. It also exhibits hypoxia-selective cytotoxicity, killing hypoxic cells that are resistant to conventional therapies.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Etanidazole acts as a hypoxia-selective cytotoxic agent and radiosensitizer. It is preferentially taken up by hypoxic cells and undergoes bioreductive activation to reactive intermediates that cause DNA damage. The compound enhances the killing of hypoxic tumor cells by radiation. Specific IC50 values for cytotoxicity under hypoxic versus normoxic conditions are available from cell-based assays.
|
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Etanidazole is used as a radiosensitizer in radiation therapy for solid tumors. It sensitizes hypoxic tumor cells to radiation, improving the efficacy of radiotherapy. The compound's hypoxia-selective cytotoxicity also contributes to its antitumor effects. Etanidazole has been evaluated in clinical trials for various cancers, including head and neck cancer and glioblastoma.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro hypoxia-selective cytotoxicity assay for Etanidazole involves treating cultured tumor cells under hypoxic (low oxygen) and normoxic (normal oxygen) conditions with varying concentrations of the compound. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or clonogenic assays. The compound's selective toxicity under hypoxia is determined by comparing IC50 values under hypoxic versus normoxic conditions. DNA damage is assessed by comet assay or γ-H2AX staining.
|
| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for Etanidazole involve treating tumor cell lines with varying concentrations of the compound under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or clonogenic assays. Radiosensitization is evaluated by treating cells with radiation in the presence or absence of Etanidazole and measuring cell survival. The compound's selective cytotoxicity and radiosensitizing effects are quantified.
|
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for Etanidazole typically use mouse xenograft models of human tumors. Tumor-bearing mice are administered Etanidazole via intraperitoneal or oral routes at various doses, with or without radiation therapy. Tumor volume is measured regularly. Tumor hypoxia is assessed using pimonidazole staining. The compound's radiosensitizing and antitumor effects are evaluated by comparing tumor growth delay in treated versus control groups.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Etanidazole has a molecular weight of 231.20 (C7H9N5O4). As a small molecule 2-nitroimidazole, it is administered intravenously and distributes well into tissues, including tumors. The compound is cleared primarily via renal excretion. Specific PK parameters including half-life, volume of distribution, and clearance are available from clinical pharmacology studies.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity Data
Mice (intraperitoneal injection): LD50: 3300 mg/kg Mice (intravenous injection): LD50: 4400 mg/kg Etanidazole has been evaluated in clinical trials as a radiosensitizer. Common adverse effects may include peripheral neuropathy, nausea, and vomiting. The compound is contraindicated in patients with pre-existing neuropathy. Complete toxicology data including acute, repeated-dose, and genotoxicity studies are available from the compound's clinical development program. |
| Additional Infomation |
Etanidazole is a monocarboxylic acid amide formed by the condensation of the carboxyl group of (2-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine. It can be used as a radiosensitizer for hypoxic tumor cells. It possesses multiple functions as an antitumor drug, prodrug, alkylating agent, and radiosensitizer. Etanidazole belongs to the imidazole class of compounds, is a C-nitro compound, and is also a monocarboxylic acid amide. Its function is related to ethanolamine. Etanidazole has been used in diagnostic tests for various tumors, including adult ependymoma, malignant ascites, adult glioma, adult mixed glioma, and adult glioblastoma. Etanidazole is a 2-nitroimidazolium compound with radiosensitizing properties. Etanidazole consumes glutathione and inhibits glutathione transferase, thereby enhancing the cytotoxicity of ionizing radiation. This drug can also be used as an imaging agent to identify hypoxic, drug-resistant areas in primary tumors or metastases. (NCI04)
A nitroimidazole drug that can make hypoxic tumor cells that are usually resistant to radiotherapy sensitive to radiotherapy. Etanidazole (CAS#: 22668-01-5) is a 2-nitroimidazole radiosensitizer and hypoxia-selective cytotoxic agent used in radiation therapy to sensitize hypoxic tumor cells to radiation. It is preferentially taken up by hypoxic cells and undergoes bioreductive activation to reactive intermediates that cause DNA damage. Etanidazole has been evaluated in clinical trials for various cancers. The compound is not currently approved for clinical use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C7H10N4O4
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
214.18
|
| Exact Mass |
214.07
|
| CAS # |
22668-01-5
|
| PubChem CID |
3276
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Density |
1.6±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
354.3°C (rough estimate)
|
| Melting Point |
162-163° (Beaman); mp 164.5-165° (Lee)
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.646
|
| LogP |
-1.66
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
15
|
| Complexity |
242
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
OCCNC(CN1C=CN=C1[N+]([O-])=O)=O
|
| InChi Key |
WCDWBPCFGJXFJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C7H10N4O4/c12-4-2-8-6(13)5-10-3-1-9-7(10)11(14)15/h1,3,12H,2,4-5H2,(H,8,13)
|
| Chemical Name |
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)acetamide
|
| Synonyms |
SR 2508; SR2508; Etanidazole
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.6690 mL | 23.3449 mL | 46.6897 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.9338 mL | 4.6690 mL | 9.3379 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4669 mL | 2.3345 mL | 4.6690 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
