| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 50mg |
|
||
| 100mg |
|
| Targets |
Macrolide antibiotic
Bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit; inhibits protein synthesis; CYP3A4 inhibitor. |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
P. falciparum cannot grow in the presence of erythromycin lactobionate, having IC50 and IC90 values of 58.2 μM and 104.0 μM, respectively[1]. Erythromycin lactobionate (10 μM, 100 μM; 24 h, 72 h) exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It also inhibits the accumulation of 4-HNE (p<0.01) and 8-OHdG (p<0.01) and considerably lowers the production of TNF-α (p<0.01) and Iba-1 (p<0.01)[4].
Erythromycin lactobionate binds the 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibits RNA-dependent protein synthesis by blocking transpeptidation and/or translocation, without affecting nucleic acid synthesis. It is bacteriostatic or bactericidal depending on the organism and concentration. It is effective against many Gram-positive bacteria, atypical pathogens (Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Legionella), and some Gram-negative organisms. It also inhibits CYP3A4, which can cause drug–drug interactions. |
| ln Vivo |
Mice given a dose of 5 mg/kg of erythromycin lactobionate (gastric intubation; 0.1–50 mg/kg; 30-120 days) have longer survival times and less tumor growth[3]. Even 120 days after inoculation, mice protected by erythromycin lactobionate (gastric intubation; 5 mg/kg) survive; however, a 50 mg/kg dose shortens the mean survival time in tumor-bearing mice by 4-5 days[3]. In the rat model of cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury, erythromycin lactobionate (ih; single injection; 50 mg/kg) has a protective effect[4].
In vivo, erythromycin lactobionate is administered intravenously for severe infections. It distributes widely to tissues and achieves therapeutic concentrations in respiratory secretions and skin. It is used for Legionnaires’ disease, pertussis, diphtheria, and chlamydial infections. Its CYP3A4 inhibition can increase plasma levels of co-administered drugs (e.g., theophylline, warfarin). |
| Enzyme Assay |
For ribosome binding assays, bacterial 50S subunits or intact 70S ribosomes are incubated with radiolabeled erythromycin and increasing concentrations of unlabeled erythromycin lactobionate. Bound radioactivity is separated by filtration, and Kd or Ki is calculated.
|
| Cell Assay |
Cell Viability Assay[4]
Cell Types: Embryos primary cortical neuron (from the cerebral cortices of 17-day-old Sprague-Dawley rat) Tested Concentrations: 10, 100 μM Incubation Duration: 24, 72 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Improved the viability of cultured neuronal cells in vitro after 3 hrs (hours) oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). For antibacterial susceptibility testing, bacterial isolates are cultured in Mueller–Hinton broth and exposed to two-fold serial dilutions of erythromycin lactobionate (0.03–128 μg/mL). The MIC is determined after 18–24 h. Time–kill assays assess bactericidal kinetics, and synergy with other antibiotics is evaluated by checkerboard assays. |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Female ddY mice (6 week-old) with EAC cells or CDF mice (6 week-old) with P388 cells[3]
Doses: 0.1 mg/kg; 0.5 mg/kg; 10 mg/kg; 30 mg/kg; 50 mg/kg Route of Administration: Gastric intubation; 30-120 days Experimental Results: diminished tumor growth and prolonged the mean survival time of mice from the dose of 5 mg/kg, however, the 50 mg/kg dosage shortened the MST in tumorbearing mice. Animal/Disease Models: Male SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats (8weeks old, 250-300 g)[4] Doses: 50 mg/kg Route of Administration: subcutaneous (sc) single injection Experimental Results: decreased infarct volume and edema volume, improved neurological deficit. For in vivo efficacy, mice or rats are infected with susceptible bacteria (e.g., Streptococcus pneumoniae or Legionella pneumophila) by the respiratory or systemic route and treated with erythromycin lactobionate (e.g., 10–100 mg/kg, i.v. or i.p.) at defined intervals. Bacterial burden in lungs or blood is quantified by CFU counting, and plasma drug concentrations are measured by LC-MS/MS. |
| References |
[1]. Gribble MJ, et al. Erythromycin. Med Clin North Am. 1982 Jan;66(1):79-89.
[2]. Nakornchai S, et al. Activity of azithromycin or erythromycin in combination with antimalarial drugs against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. Acta Trop. 2006 Dec;100(3):185-91. Epub 2006 Nov 28. [3]. Hamada K, et al. Antitumor effect of erythromycin in mice. Chemotherapy. 1995 Jan-Feb. 41(1):59-69. [4]. Katayama Y, et al. Neuroprotective effects of erythromycin on cerebral ischemia reperfusion-injury and cell viability after oxygen-glucose deprivation in cultured neuronal cells. Brain Res. 2014 Nov 7. 1588:159-67. |
| Additional Infomation |
Erythromycin lactobionate is the lactobionate form of erythromycin, a broad-spectrum topical macrolide antibiotic with antibacterial activity. Erythromycin lactobionate can diffuse across the bacterial cell membrane and reversibly bind to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, thereby inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. The mechanism of action of erythromycin lactobionate depends on the drug concentration at the site of infection and the sensitivity of the pathogen, and may manifest as either bacteriostatic or bactericidal activity.
See also: Erythromycin (containing the active ingredient). |
| Molecular Formula |
C49H89NO25
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
1092.22
|
| Exact Mass |
1091.572
|
| CAS # |
3847-29-8
|
| Related CAS # |
Erythromycin;114-07-8;Erythromycin stearate;643-22-1;Erythromycin (aspartate);30010-41-4
|
| PubChem CID |
71469
|
| Appearance |
Solid powder
|
| Density |
0.9083 (rough estimate)
|
| Boiling Point |
818.4ºC at 760mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
145-150°
|
| Flash Point |
448.8ºC
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.5300 (estimate)
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
14
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
26
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
15
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
75
|
| Complexity |
1580
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
27
|
| SMILES |
CC[C@@H]1[C@](C)([C@@H]([C@@H](C)C(=O)[C@H](C)C[C@](C)([C@@H]([C@@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)C(=O)O1)OC2CC(C)(C(C(C)O2)O)OC)OC3C(C(CC(C)O3)N(C)C)O)O)O)O.C([C@H](C([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O)O)O)OC1C(C(C(C(CO)O1)O)O)O)O)O
|
| InChi Key |
NNRXCKZMQLFUPL-WBMZRJHASA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C37H67NO13.C12H22O12/c1-14-25-37(10,45)30(41)20(4)27(39)18(2)16-35(8,44)32(51-34-28(40)24(38(11)12)15-19(3)47-34)21(5)29(22(6)33(43)49-25)50-26-17-36(9,46-13)31(42)23(7)48-26;13-1-3(15)10(7(18)8(19)11(21)22)24-12-9(20)6(17)5(16)4(2-14)23-12/h18-26,28-32,34,40-42,44-45H,14-17H2,1-13H3;3-10,12-20H,1-2H2,(H,21,22)/t18-,19-,20+,21+,22-,23+,24+,25-,26+,28-,29+,30-,31+,32-,34+,35-,36-,37-;3-,4-,5+,6+,7-,8-,9-,10-,12+/m11/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(3R,4S,5S,6R,7R,9R,11R,12R,13S,14R)-6-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-14-ethyl-7,12,13-trihydroxy-4-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-oxacyclotetradecane-2,10-dione;(2R,3R,4R,5R)-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyhexanoic acid
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: > 10 mM
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.9156 mL | 4.5778 mL | 9.1557 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.1831 mL | 0.9156 mL | 1.8311 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0916 mL | 0.4578 mL | 0.9156 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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