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| Targets |
Epoxyazadiradione is a limonoid compound structurally related to azadiradione. It may share similar biological activities, including inhibition of NF-κB signaling and anti-inflammatory effects. The epoxide group may contribute to its reactivity and biological activity. However, the specific molecular targets of epoxyazadiradione have not been fully characterized. Further studies would be needed to identify its targets and mechanism of action.
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| ln Vitro |
Epoxyazadiradione has been reported to exhibit biological activities similar to other limonoids, including anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. However, specific in vitro activity data are limited. The compound may inhibit NF-κB activation and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Detailed pharmacological characterization is needed to fully elucidate its activity profile.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo activity data for epoxyazadiradione are limited. As a naturally occurring compound from neem, it may have similar effects to azadiradione, including anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. However, detailed in vivo efficacy studies have not been extensively reported. The compound is primarily used as a research chemical.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Assays for epoxyazadiradione would be similar to those for other limonoids. NF-κB inhibition assays are performed using reporter cell lines or by measuring NF-κB DNA binding activity. Cells are treated with epoxyazadiradione and stimulated with TNF-α or other NF-κB activators. NF-κB activity is measured using luciferase reporter assays or by EMSA. Cytokine levels are measured by ELISA. Cell viability is assessed using MTT assays.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for epoxyazadiradione employ various cancer cell lines or inflammatory cell types. Cells are treated with varying concentrations of the compound for 24-72 hours. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or CellTiter-Glo assays. NF-κB activation is assessed by Western blot. Cytokine production is measured by ELISA. Apoptosis is evaluated by Annexin V/PI staining.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo studies with epoxyazadiradione would typically be performed in rodent models of inflammation or cancer. The compound would be administered via oral or intraperitoneal routes at various doses. Inflammatory markers would be measured in serum or tissues. Tumor growth would be monitored in xenograft models. However, detailed published in vivo protocols are limited.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Epoxyazadiradione has molecular formula C28H34O6 and molecular weight 466.57. It has CAS number 18385-59-6. The compound is a naturally occurring limonoid isolated from neem (Azadirachta indica) and is an epoxide derivative of azadiradione. It is soluble in DMSO and other organic solvents. The compound should be stored at -20°C for long-term stability.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for epoxyazadiradione are limited. As a naturally occurring compound from neem, it is generally considered to have low toxicity, but specific toxicological data are not extensively reported. The compound should be handled with appropriate laboratory safety precautions. The epoxide group may confer additional reactivity.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Epoxyazadiradione is a limonene compound with an epoxy group attached to the 14 and 15 positions of a nitrogen-based dialkylone. It was isolated from Azadirachta indica and exhibits mosquito-killing activity. It can be used as an anti-inflammatory agent, insecticide, and plant metabolite. Epoxyazadiradione is an acetate, cyclic terpene ketone, furan compound, limonene compound, epoxide, and pentacyclic triterpenoid compound. Its function is related to nitrogen-based dialkylones. Epoxyazadiradione has been reported in both Azadirachta indica and Chisocheton siamensis.
Epoxyazadiradione is a naturally occurring limonoid compound and a derivative of azadiradione, isolated from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica) and other plants in the Meliaceae family. It contains an epoxide functional group. Limonoids are triterpenoid compounds with diverse biological activities. Epoxyazadiradione has been studied for its potential anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects, but detailed pharmacological characterization is limited. |
| Molecular Formula |
C28H34O6
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
466.56596
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| Exact Mass |
466.236
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| CAS # |
18385-59-6
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| PubChem CID |
49863985
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.25g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
569.1ºC at 760mmHg
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| Flash Point |
298ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
5.76E-13mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.582
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| LogP |
4.629
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
34
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| Complexity |
1010
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
9
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| SMILES |
CC(=O)O[C@@H]1C[C@@H]2[C@](C=CC(=O)C2(C)C)([C@@H]3[C@@]1([C@]45[C@H](O4)C(=O)[C@H]([C@@]5(CC3)C)C6=COC=C6)C)C
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| InChi Key |
NEYCGDYQBQONFC-GGPFZBFUSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C28H34O6/c1-15(29)33-20-13-18-24(2,3)19(30)8-10-25(18,4)17-7-11-26(5)21(16-9-12-32-14-16)22(31)23-28(26,34-23)27(17,20)6/h8-10,12,14,17-18,20-21,23H,7,11,13H2,1-6H3/t17-,18+,20-,21-,23-,25-,26+,27+,28-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
[(1S,2R,4S,6S,7S,10R,11R,16R,18R)-6-(furan-3-yl)-1,7,11,15,15-pentamethyl-5,14-dioxo-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.02,4.02,7.011,16]octadec-12-en-18-yl] acetate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.1433 mL | 10.7165 mL | 21.4330 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4287 mL | 2.1433 mL | 4.2866 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2143 mL | 1.0717 mL | 2.1433 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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