| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Epirizole's mechanism of action is characteristic of NSAIDs, involving the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes and the subsequent reduction of prostaglandin synthesis, which are mediators of pain and inflammation. It has also been investigated for its potential as a selective H1 receptor antagonist. Additionally, it induces precocious differentiation of insulin-producing cells in larval zebrafish and increases the expression of MDR1 mRNA in Caco-2 cells.
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| ln Vitro |
In Caco-2 cells, epirizole (1-1000 μM; 24 hours) boosts MDR1 mRNA expression [1].
In vitro, epirizole has anti-inflammatory activity. It induces precocious differentiation of insulin-producing cells in larval zebrafish and increases the expression of MDR1 mRNA in Caco-2 cells. Its activity can be assessed using standard in vitro assays for COX inhibition and cell-based assays measuring inflammatory cytokine production. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, epirizole is an orally active NSAID used for the treatment of chronic rheumatoid arthritis. It has antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activity. Its anti-inflammatory effects are stronger than those of aspirin and phenylbutazone.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cellular enzyme assays for epirizole involve assessing its inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) activity using purified enzyme preparations. The enzyme is incubated with arachidonic acid as a substrate in the presence of varying concentrations of epirizole. The production of prostaglandins is measured using a spectrophotometric or radiometric assay. IC₅₀ values for COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition are determined from dose-response curves.
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| Cell Assay |
RT-PCR[1]
Cell Types: Caco-2 Cell Tested Concentrations: 1, 10, 100 and 1000 μM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Increased MDR1 mRNA expression levels. In vitro cellular assays for epirizole involve treating immune cells, such as macrophages, with the compound and measuring its effects on prostaglandin production and cytokine release. Cells are stimulated with LPS to induce inflammation in the presence of varying concentrations of epirizole. The levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β) in the culture medium are measured by ELISA. |
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with epirizole are conducted in rodent models of inflammation and pain. In the carrageenan-induced paw edema model, rats are treated with epirizole, and paw swelling is measured. In pain models such as the acetic acid writhing test or the hot plate test, the compound's analgesic effects are assessed. Its effects in models of chronic rheumatoid arthritis can also be evaluated.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Epirizole has a molecular weight of 234.25 and a molecular formula of C₁₁H₁₄N₄O₂. It is a white or cream-colored crystalline solid with a melting point of 90-92°C. The compound is sparingly soluble in water but freely soluble in ethanol, benzene, and dichloroethane. It is typically stored at room temperature in a dry, dark place.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Epirizole is a research compound for laboratory use only and is not approved for human therapeutic use. In preclinical studies, it has been generally well-tolerated at therapeutic doses. As an NSAID, it may cause gastrointestinal side effects, renal toxicity, and other adverse effects. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound.
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| References |
[1]. Takara K, et al. Effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the expression and function of P-glycoprotein/MDR1 in Caco-2 cells. Drug Chem Toxicol. 2009;32(4):332-7.
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| Additional Infomation |
Epirizole is an aromatic ether. Epirizole is an oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat muscle and joint pain. 4-Methoxy-2-(5-Methoxy-3-methylpyrazol-1-yl)-6-methylpyrimidine. A pyrimidinylpyrazole with antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities.
Epirizole (Mepirizole; CAS 18694-40-1) is a pyrimidinyl pyrazole derivative and an orally active NSAID. It has antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activity and has been used in the treatment of chronic rheumatoid arthritis. Epirizole is available from various commercial suppliers for research applications. |
| Molecular Formula |
C11H14N4O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
234.259
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| Exact Mass |
234.112
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| CAS # |
18694-40-1
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| PubChem CID |
3242
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.25g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
444ºC at 760mmHg
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| Melting Point |
90 - 92ºC
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| Flash Point |
222.3ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
0mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.601
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| LogP |
1.296
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
17
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| Complexity |
254
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CC1=CC(=NC(=N1)N2C(=CC(=N2)C)OC)OC
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| InChi Key |
RHAXSHUQNIEUEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C11H14N4O2/c1-7-5-9(16-3)13-11(12-7)15-10(17-4)6-8(2)14-15/h5-6H,1-4H3
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| Chemical Name |
4-methoxy-2-(5-methoxy-3-methylpyrazol-1-yl)-6-methylpyrimidine
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| Synonyms |
DA398; DA-398; Epirizole
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~250 mg/mL (~1067.19 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.2688 mL | 21.3438 mL | 42.6876 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8538 mL | 4.2688 mL | 8.5375 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4269 mL | 2.1344 mL | 4.2688 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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