| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| 500mg | ||
| 1g | ||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
[D-Ala2]-Met-Enkephalin primarily targets delta and mu opioid receptors. It acts as a potent agonist, activating G protein-coupled signaling pathways that inhibit adenylate cyclase and reduce neuronal excitability. The D-Ala substitution increases metabolic stability, allowing the peptide to exert prolonged effects. It inhibits acetylcholine-induced oxytocin release from hypothalamic neurons. The peptide also modulates pain perception and neurotransmitter release in the central nervous system.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, [D-Ala2]-Met-Enkephalin binds to delta and mu opioid receptors with high affinity, exhibiting Ki values in the nanomolar range. It inhibits electrically stimulated contractions of mouse vas deferens and guinea pig ileum with IC50 values in the low nanomolar range. The peptide is resistant to degradation by enkephalinases. It inhibits forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation in cells expressing opioid receptors. [D-Ala2]-Met-Enkephalin also inhibits acetylcholine-induced oxytocin release from hypothalamic tissue.
|
| ln Vivo |
In breastfeeding mice, lactation-induced oxytocin (OT) release is inhibited by [D-Ala2]-Met-enkephalin (0.01-1 μg; ICV; once) [1].
In vivo, [D-Ala2]-Met-Enkephalin produces potent analgesia in rodent models following intracerebroventricular or intrathecal administration. It is effective in the tail-flick, hot-plate, and formalin tests. The peptide has a longer duration of action than native met-enkephalin. It also inhibits oxytocin release in vivo and modulates neuroendocrine function. At higher doses, it may cause respiratory depression and sedation. |
| Enzyme Assay |
For receptor binding assays, membrane fractions from rat brain or cells expressing delta or mu opioid receptors are incubated with [3H]DAMGO or [3H]DPDPE in the presence of [D-Ala2]-Met-Enkephalin at varying concentrations. Reactions are performed in buffer containing 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4), 5 mM MgCl2, and 1 mM EDTA at 25°C for 60-120 minutes. Bound radioligand is separated by rapid filtration and quantified by scintillation counting.
|
| Cell Assay |
For functional assays, mouse vas deferens or guinea pig ileum preparations are mounted in organ baths and stimulated electrically. [D-Ala2]-Met-Enkephalin is added at cumulative concentrations, and inhibition of contractions is measured. For oxytocin release assays, hypothalamic tissue or cultured neurons are treated with the peptide, and oxytocin levels are measured by radioimmunoassay or ELISA. For cAMP assays, cells expressing opioid receptors are treated with the peptide, and cAMP levels are measured by ELISA.
|
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Lactating rats [1]
Doses: 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μg Route of Administration: Intracerebroventricular injection Experimental Results: Inhibited ACh-induced and lactation-induced OT release. For in vivo studies, mice or rats are administered [D-Ala2]-Met-Enkephalin intracerebroventricularly or intrathecally at doses ranging from 0.1-10 µg. Analgesia is assessed by tail-flick, hot-plate, and formalin tests. For neuroendocrine studies, oxytocin levels are measured in plasma after peptide administration. Behavioral effects, including locomotor activity and sedation, are monitored. For pharmacokinetic studies, plasma and brain levels are quantified by LC-MS/MS. |
| References |
| Molecular Formula |
C28H37N5O7S
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
587.68768
|
| Exact Mass |
587.241
|
| CAS # |
61370-87-4
|
| PubChem CID |
5486820
|
| Sequence |
Y-{d-Ala}-GFM
|
| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
|
| Density |
1.305g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
1043.8ºC at 760 mmHg
|
| Flash Point |
585.1ºC
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.602
|
| LogP |
2.196
|
| tPSA |
225.25
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
7
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
9
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
16
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
41
|
| Complexity |
878
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
4
|
| SMILES |
NC(C(NC(C(NCC(NC(C(NC(C(O)=O)CCSC)=O)CC1C=CC=CC=1)=O)=O)C)=O)CC1C=CC(O)=CC=1
|
| InChi Key |
MHNSNPIYASDSCR-SZOBAZRNSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C28H37N5O7S/c1-17(31-26(37)21(29)14-19-8-10-20(34)11-9-19)25(36)30-16-24(35)32-23(15-18-6-4-3-5-7-18)27(38)33-22(28(39)40)12-13-41-2/h3-11,17,21-23,34H,12-16,29H2,1-2H3,(H,30,36)(H,31,37)(H,32,35)(H,33,38)(H,39,40)/t17-,21+,22+,23+/m1/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2R)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoic acid
|
| Synonyms |
DAMET; Dalmee; Enkephalin-met, ala(2)-
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.7016 mL | 8.5079 mL | 17.0158 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3403 mL | 1.7016 mL | 3.4032 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1702 mL | 0.8508 mL | 1.7016 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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