| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Endomorphin 1 targets the μ-opioid receptor (MOR). It is a high-affinity and highly selective agonist for MOR, with 4000-fold preference over δ and 15000-fold preference over κ opioid receptors. The compound also displays reasonable affinities for kappa3 binding sites. Activation of MOR by endomorphin 1 mediates analgesia, reward, and other opioid effects.
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| ln Vitro |
Endomorphin 1 has a pIC50 value of 8.03 and suppresses the production of cyclic AMP induced by Forskolin (1 μM) in CHOμ cells [5]. Caco-2 cells secrete more interleukin-8 when endomorphin 1 (1–10 μM) is present [6]. In adult rat glial neurons, endomorphin 1 (1 μM) suppresses excitatory transmission [7].
Endomorphin 1 is a high-affinity agonist at the μ-opioid receptor with a Ki of 360 pM. It inhibits excitatory transmission in adult rat substantia gelatinosa neurons at a concentration of 1 μM. The peptide shows 4000- and 15000-fold selectivity for μ over δ and κ receptors, respectively. |
| ln Vivo |
Endomorphin 1 (icv) has an ED50 value of 6.16 nM in mice, indicating antinociceptive characteristics [2]. Intravenous injection of endomorphin 1 (50 μg/kg) inhibits the inflammatory response, hence reducing myocardial ischemia/reperfusion damage (MIRI) [3].
Endomorphin 1 produces potent analgesic effects in vivo through activation of μ-opioid receptors. In animal models of pain (e.g., tail-flick, hot plate, formalin tests), endomorphin 1 administered intracerebroventricularly or intrathecally produces dose-dependent antinociception. The analgesic effects are blocked by μ-opioid receptor antagonists such as naloxone, confirming the mechanism of action. |
| Enzyme Assay |
μ-Opioid receptor binding affinity is assessed using radioligand binding assays with membrane preparations from cells expressing human μ-opioid receptors. Competitive binding experiments are performed using [³H]-DAMGO or [³H]-naloxone as radioligands. Endomorphin 1 is incubated at various concentrations, and Ki values are calculated from displacement curves. Selectivity profiling against δ and κ opioid receptors is performed using appropriate radioligands.
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| Cell Assay |
μ-Opioid receptor activation is assessed in functional assays such as inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation (MOR is coupled to Gi/o and inhibits adenylyl cyclase) or G protein activation assays ([³⁵S]GTPγS binding). Cells expressing human MOR are treated with endomorphin 1 at various concentrations, and the extent of inhibition of cAMP accumulation or stimulation of [³⁵S]GTPγS binding is measured. EC50 values are calculated.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: ICR mouse[2].
Doses: 6.16 nM (ED50) Mode of Route of Administration: Intracerebroventricular (icv) Injection Experimental Results: Inhibition of the tail flick response in a dose-dependent manner. Animal/Disease Models: Rat[3]. Doses: 50 μg/kg Route of Administration: intravenous (iv) (iv)injection 25 minutes after LAD ligation, followed by LAD reperfusion for 120 minutes. Experimental Results: Mitigates MIRI by reducing the production of free radicals. LDH and CK-MB activities were diminished. SOD activity increases and MDA content decreases. Plasma IL-6 and TNF-α levels were diminished. Endomorphin 1 is administered intracerebroventricularly (ICV) or intrathecally (IT) in rodents to evaluate analgesic effects. Pain sensitivity is assessed using behavioral tests such as the tail-flick test, hot plate test, or formalin test. Dose-response curves are generated, and analgesic efficacy is compared to standard opioids such as morphine. Antagonism by naloxone confirms μ-opioid receptor-mediated effects. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Endomorphin 1 has a molecular weight of 610.70 and molecular formula C34H38N6O5. The peptide sequence is Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH2. The compound is a tetrapeptide and is typically stored at -20°C as a lyophilized powder. It is soluble in water or DMSO. Endomorphin 1 is a high-affinity, highly selective μ-opioid receptor agonist and is a valuable research tool for studying opioid receptor pharmacology and pain pathways.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Endomorphin 1 is a peptide and is subject to rapid enzymatic degradation in vivo, which limits its therapeutic use but makes it a useful tool for acute studies. The compound is generally well-tolerated at analgesic doses. As a μ-opioid receptor agonist, it may produce opioid-related adverse effects including respiratory depression, constipation, tolerance, and dependence at higher doses. Standard safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosyl-L-prolyl-L-tryptophanyl- is an oligopeptide.
Endomorphin 1 (CAS#: 189388-22-5) is a high-affinity (Ki = 360 pM) and highly selective agonist of the μ-opioid receptor, with 4000- and 15000-fold preference over δ and κ receptors, respectively. It has the sequence Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH2 and inhibits excitatory transmission in adult rat substantia gelatinosa neurons. Endomorphin 1 is a valuable research tool for studying μ-opioid receptor pharmacology, pain modulation, and opioid signaling pathways. It is intended for research use only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C34H38N6O5
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
610.71
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| Exact Mass |
610.29
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| CAS # |
189388-22-5
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| Related CAS # |
Endomorphin 1 acetate;1276123-71-7
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| PubChem CID |
5311080
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.343 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
1052.8ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
144-146℃
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| Flash Point |
590.5ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
0mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.671
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| LogP |
3.794
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
6
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
12
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| Heavy Atom Count |
45
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| Complexity |
1030
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
4
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| SMILES |
C1C[C@H](N(C1)C(=O)[C@H](CC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC3=CNC4=CC=CC=C43)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC5=CC=CC=C5)C(=O)N
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| InChi Key |
ZEXLJFNSKAHNFH-SYKYGTKKSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C34H38N6O5/c35-26(17-22-12-14-24(41)15-13-22)34(45)40-16-6-11-30(40)33(44)39-29(19-23-20-37-27-10-5-4-9-25(23)27)32(43)38-28(31(36)42)18-21-7-2-1-3-8-21/h1-5,7-10,12-15,20,26,28-30,37,41H,6,11,16-19,35H2,(H2,36,42)(H,38,43)(H,39,44)/t26-,28-,29-,30-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]-N-[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide
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| Synonyms |
Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-Nh2; Endomorphin 1
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ≥ 50 mg/mL (~81.87 mM)
H2O : ~25 mg/mL (~40.94 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.6374 mL | 8.1872 mL | 16.3744 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3275 mL | 1.6374 mL | 3.2749 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1637 mL | 0.8187 mL | 1.6374 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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