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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary action target of Dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride is the biological membrane. Its mechanism involves disrupting the structure and function of lipid bilayers. The hydrophobic tail interacts with the lipid bilayer, while the positively charged headgroup interacts with negatively charged components on the cell membrane, leading to membrane destabilization and increased permeability. This surfactant action underlies its antimicrobial and biocidal properties, making it effective against a range of microorganisms by compromising their cellular integrity.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride demonstrates significant surfactant activity and antimicrobial efficacy. It achieves approximately 55% illite recovery at a concentration of 1×10⁻⁴ mol/L (pH 7), enabling selective flotation. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) is about 20 mM in water, which drops more than 13-fold to approximately 1.5 mM in 0.1 M NaCl, ensuring efficient transport and surface activity in high-salinity environments. In antimicrobial formulations, it delivers a 2-3.2 log biofilm reduction while reducing cytotoxicity by up to 32-fold.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies have demonstrated that Dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride exhibits moderate acute oral toxicity, with an LD50 of 200-1000 mg/kg in rats. This indicates that the compound has a significant toxicological profile when administered systemically. The compound's surfactant properties, which are beneficial for disinfection and cleaning applications, also contribute to its in vivo toxicity. The observed LD50 range suggests that careful handling and dosage control are essential for any in vivo applications or in the context of accidental exposure.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding (cell-free) assays for Dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride typically focus on its surfactant properties rather than specific receptor binding. A standard protocol involves the measurement of surface tension reduction using a tensiometer. Various concentrations of the compound are prepared in deionized water or buffer solutions. The surface tension of each solution is measured at room temperature using the Wilhelmy plate method or the du Noüy ring method. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) is determined from the inflection point in the surface tension versus log concentration plot. This cell-free assay provides quantitative data on the compound's amphiphilic character and its efficiency as a surfactant.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for Dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride primarily assess its antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity. A standard protocol involves culturing bacterial or fungal cells in appropriate growth media to log phase. The cells are then exposed to serial dilutions of the compound in 96-well plates. After incubation at 37°C for 18-24 hours, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is determined by measuring the optical density at 600 nm. Cytotoxicity can be assessed using mammalian cell lines such as HaCaT or HepG2, where cells are treated with the compound for 24 hours, and cell viability is measured using the MTT or WST-1 assay.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for Dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride are typically acute oral toxicity tests. A standard protocol involves administering a single dose of the compound to Sprague-Dawley rats via oral gavage at various concentration levels (e.g., 200, 500, 1000 mg/kg body weight). The animals are observed for 14 days for signs of toxicity, morbidity, and mortality. Clinical signs, body weight changes, and food consumption are recorded daily. At the end of the observation period, surviving animals are euthanized and subjected to gross necropsy to examine any pathological changes in major organs. The LD50 value is then calculated using statistical methods such as the probit analysis.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride exhibits favorable physicochemical properties for a surfactant. It has a density of approximately 1 g/cm³ at 20°C and a decomposition point of 246°C. The compound is soluble in water and polar solvents but is also soluble in non-polar solvents. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) is an important parameter for its function, measured at around 20 mM in pure water, but this value is significantly reduced in the presence of electrolytes, dropping to ~1.5 mM in 0.1 M NaCl, which is crucial for its performance in high-salinity environments.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The acute oral toxicity of Dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride in rats is moderate, with an LD50 in the range of 200-1000 mg/kg. This indicates that the compound is harmful if swallowed. The primary toxicological concern is related to its surfactant properties, which can cause irritation to the gastrointestinal tract, skin, and eyes upon direct contact. The membrane-disrupting mechanism that underlies its antimicrobial activity also contributes to its cytotoxic effects, as it can compromise the integrity of mammalian cell membranes. This cytotoxicity is a key consideration in its formulation for topical or industrial applications.
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| Additional Infomation |
Dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride is a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) that acts primarily as a surfactant and disinfectant. Its mechanism of action is the disruption of microbial cell membranes through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. In research, it serves as a model cationic surfactant for studying membrane interactions, surface chemistry, and colloid science. It is also used in mineral processing for selective flotation. Due to its surfactant properties, it is a common ingredient in cosmetics, hair conditioners, and industrial cleaners. The compound is not an FDA-approved drug and is not used therapeutically in humans.
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| Molecular Formula |
C15H34CLN
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
263.8902
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| Exact Mass |
263.237
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| CAS # |
112-00-5
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| Related CAS # |
10182-91-9 (Parent)
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| PubChem CID |
8152
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Melting Point |
246 °C (dec.)(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
19 °C
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| Index of Refraction |
n20/D 1.426
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| LogP |
1.617
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
1
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
11
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| Heavy Atom Count |
17
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| Complexity |
135
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
[Cl-].[N+](C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H]
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| InChi Key |
DDXLVDQZPFLQMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C15H34N.ClH/c1-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16(2,3)4;/h5-15H2,1-4H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
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| Chemical Name |
dodecyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.7895 mL | 18.9473 mL | 37.8946 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7579 mL | 3.7895 mL | 7.5789 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3789 mL | 1.8947 mL | 3.7895 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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