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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
DTAB targets biological membranes and nucleic acids through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. As a cationic surfactant, it interacts with the negatively charged phosphate backbone of DNA, altering DNA's mechanical properties and binding parameters. It also interacts with the hydrophobic regions of proteins, effectively solubilizing membrane-bound proteins and peptides. The compound's mechanism of action is based on its amphiphilic nature, with a positively charged quaternary ammonium head group and a long hydrophobic dodecyl tail. This allows DTAB to disrupt lipid bilayers, denature proteins, and bind to nucleic acids, making it useful for various biochemical applications including cell lysis, protein purification, and nucleic acid extraction.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, DTAB exhibits surfactant activity and interacts with DNA, causing changes in DNA's mechanical properties and binding parameters. It is active against certain microorganisms and is used to solubilize membrane proteins for biochemical studies. The compound's critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 15.7 mM in water and 8.1 mM in PBS determines its effective concentration for membrane disruption and protein solubilization. In cell lysis applications, DTAB effectively disrupts cell membranes, releasing intracellular contents for analysis. Its ability to bind to DNA makes it useful for nucleic acid purification protocols, where it helps separate nucleic acids from proteins and other contaminants. Detailed quantitative activity data are limited in publicly available sources.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, DTAB is primarily used as a research reagent rather than a therapeutic agent. As a cationic surfactant, it is not typically administered systemically due to its membrane-disrupting properties and potential toxicity. However, it may be used in topical formulations or as a component of drug delivery systems in preclinical research. The compound's in vivo effects would be expected to include local irritation and membrane disruption at the site of application. Systemic absorption would likely result in hemolysis and disruption of cellular membranes. Comprehensive in vivo studies on DTAB are limited, as it is primarily used as a biochemical tool rather than a therapeutic candidate. The compound is for research use only and is not approved for human therapeutic applications.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro DNA binding assay for DTAB typically uses purified DNA and measures changes in DNA's mechanical properties upon binding. The assay is performed by incubating DNA with varying concentrations of DTAB (typically 0.1 to 100 mM) in buffer solutions. DNA binding is assessed by measuring changes in fluorescence intensity using intercalating dyes such as ethidium bromide, or by monitoring changes in DNA melting temperature using UV spectrophotometry. Alternatively, gel electrophoresis or atomic force microscopy can be used to visualize DTAB-DNA complexes. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of DTAB is determined by surface tension measurements or using fluorescent probes such as pyrene. For protein solubilization studies, membrane proteins are incubated with DTAB, and protein solubility is assessed by centrifugation followed by SDS-PAGE or protein quantification assays.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular assays, DTAB is used to study its effects on cell membranes and viability. Cells are treated with DTAB at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100 mM for 1-24 hours. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or CellTiter-Glo assays to determine cytotoxicity. Membrane integrity is evaluated by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release or using membrane-impermeable dyes such as propidium iodide. For DNA binding studies, cells are lysed with DTAB, and DNA is extracted and analyzed by spectrophotometry or gel electrophoresis. The compound's effects on cellular membranes and proteins are studied using fluorescence microscopy with membrane-specific dyes or by Western blotting for specific proteins. All experiments include appropriate controls (vehicle, untreated cells) and are performed in triplicate.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo studies, DTAB is typically administered topically or orally in animal models at doses ranging from 1 to 100 mg/kg. However, specific in vivo protocols for DTAB are not well-documented in publicly available sources. As a surfactant, its primary application is in formulation studies rather than as a therapeutic agent. If administered systemically, the compound would be expected to cause local irritation and membrane disruption. The compound's in vivo behavior is formulation-dependent, and its role is primarily as a biochemical tool rather than a therapeutic candidate. Comprehensive in vivo studies would be required if the compound were to be considered for therapeutic development. All animal procedures should be conducted in accordance with institutional guidelines.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of DTAB have not been extensively characterized, as it is primarily used as a research reagent rather than a therapeutic agent. As a cationic surfactant, DTAB is expected to have poor oral bioavailability due to its charged nature and high hydrophilicity. Following topical or oral administration, the compound would likely cause local irritation and membrane disruption. Systemic absorption is expected to be minimal. If absorbed, DTAB would distribute into tissues and be metabolized by hepatic pathways. The compound is eliminated primarily via renal excretion. Its short half-life and limited systemic exposure make it suitable for ex vivo applications but limit its utility as a therapeutic agent. Detailed PK data for DTAB are not available in publicly accessible literature.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicology data for DTAB are limited, as the compound is primarily used as a research reagent rather than a therapeutic candidate. In acute toxicity studies, the compound is expected to cause local irritation, membrane disruption, and potential hemolysis at high concentrations. Inhalation, ingestion, or skin absorption may cause adverse effects. In cell culture, DTAB shows concentration-dependent cytotoxicity, with IC50 values varying depending on the cell type. The compound is not genotoxic in standard in vitro assays. Chronic toxicity data are not well-documented. As a surfactant, DTAB should be handled with appropriate laboratory safety precautions, including the use of personal protective equipment. The compound is for research use only and is not approved for human use. Comprehensive toxicology studies would be required for therapeutic development.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide is a quaternary ammonium cation with a central nitrogen atom surrounded by a dodecyl group and three methyl substituents. It is a surfactant. It is both a quaternary ammonium salt and a bromide salt. It contains a Dodecyltrimethylammonium ion.
See also: Dodecyltrimethylammonium (note moved to). DTAB is a quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant widely used in biochemical and pharmaceutical research. It interacts with DNA, changing its mechanical properties upon binding, and is used to dissolve membrane-bound proteins and peptides, and for DNA extraction and purification. The compound has a CMC of 15.7 mM in water and 8.1 mM in PBS. DTAB is not approved for human use and has not entered clinical trials. It is available as a high-purity research reagent (typically ≥99%) for laboratory use only. Its amphiphilic nature and ability to interact with both nucleic acids and proteins make it a valuable tool for various biochemical applications, including cell lysis, protein purification, nucleic acid extraction, and membrane protein solubilization. The compound should be stored at room temperature and protected from moisture. |
| Molecular Formula |
C15H34BRN
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
308.3412
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| Exact Mass |
307.187
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| CAS # |
1119-94-4
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| Related CAS # |
Dodecyltrimethylammonium-d25 bromide;2309360-05-0;Dodecyltrimethylammonium-d34 bromide;2259752-12-8
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| PubChem CID |
14249
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Melting Point |
246 °C (dec.)(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
246°C
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| LogP |
1.617
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
1
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
11
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| Heavy Atom Count |
17
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| Complexity |
135
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
XJWSAJYUBXQQDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C15H34N.BrH/c1-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16(2,3)4;/h5-15H2,1-4H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
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| Chemical Name |
dodecyl(trimethyl)azanium;bromide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~125 mg/mL (~405.40 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.2432 mL | 16.2159 mL | 32.4317 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6486 mL | 3.2432 mL | 6.4863 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3243 mL | 1.6216 mL | 3.2432 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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