| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
DL-Adrenaline HCl is a non-selective agonist, binding to and activating both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors. It has Kis of 15, 735, and 3,970 nM for α1A-, β2- receptors. At low doses, it primarily activates β receptors to enhance bronchodilation and cardiac activity, while at high doses it binds to α receptors, inducing vasoconstriction and increasing vascular tension. It acts as an antagonist for the Neuropeptide S Receptor and an inhibitor for cell surface uPA generation.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, DL-Adrenaline HCl activates adrenoceptors in various cell systems. It exhibits notable antiplasmodial activity against various strains of Plasmodium falciparum. It acts as a small molecule inhibitor of the human hERG Channel Activity. The compound's effects are mediated through cyclic AMP and complex signaling pathways.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, DL-Adrenaline HCl causes systemic vasoconstriction and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the heart, and dilates bronchi and cerebral vessels. It induces lipolysis and systemic muscle contraction. It shows systemic vasoconstrictive, bronchodilatory, positive chronotropic and gastrointestinal relaxant effects. By acting on alpha receptors, it constricts blood vessels to help maintain blood pressure and heart function. In young adult rats, it produces complex pharmacologic effects.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For non-cellular enzyme/receptor binding assays, radioligand binding assays are used to assess affinity for adrenergic receptors. Competitive binding experiments using [3H]prazosin (for α1), [3H]rauwolscine (for α2), or [3H]CGP-12177 (for β) are performed. Ki values are determined. Functional assays such as cAMP accumulation or GTPγS binding can be used to assess agonist activity.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cell-based assays, cells expressing adrenergic receptors are cultured and treated with DL-Adrenaline HCl. Receptor activation is measured by cAMP accumulation (for β receptors) or intracellular calcium mobilization (for α receptors). Cell proliferation and viability can be assessed using MTT assays. For antiplasmodial activity, Plasmodium falciparum cultures are used.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo studies, DL-Adrenaline HCl is administered to animal models. Cardiovascular effects such as blood pressure and heart rate are measured. Bronchodilation is assessed in models of airway constriction. Gastrointestinal relaxation and other systemic effects can be evaluated. Dosing and route of administration depend on the specific experimental model.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties include solubility in water and DMSO. The molecular weight is C9H13NO3·HCl. It is a hormone and neurotransmitter secreted by the medulla of the adrenal glands. Storage is typically at -20°C, protected from light. It is a solid and should be handled with standard laboratory precautions.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for DL-Adrenaline HCl is well-established from its clinical use. At high doses, it can cause cardiovascular effects including hypertension, arrhythmias, and tachycardia. It can also cause anxiety, tremors, and hyperglycemia. It is not for human use in research settings.
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| Additional Infomation |
racemic mixture of dextro- and levo-adrenaline.
See also: Racemic adrenaline (containing the active moiety)...See more... DL-Adrenaline HCl is a non-selective α- and β-adrenergic receptor agonist. It is a bronchodilator used in the temporary relief of mild symptoms of intermittent asthma. It is a hormone and a neurotransmitter secreted by the medulla of the adrenal glands. It acts as a sympathomimetic agent with complex pharmacologic effects on many target organs. It also exhibits antiplasmodial activity and acts as an inhibitor of the human hERG Channel Activity. |
| Molecular Formula |
C9H13NO3.HCL
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
219.66536
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| Exact Mass |
219.066
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| CAS # |
329-63-5
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| Related CAS # |
329-65-7;329-63-5 (HCl);
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| PubChem CID |
5924
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| Density |
1.283 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
413.1ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
207.9ºC
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| LogP |
1.543
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
14
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| Complexity |
154
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CNCC(C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)O.Cl
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| InChi Key |
ATADHKWKHYVBTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H13NO3.ClH/c1-10-5-9(13)6-2-3-7(11)8(12)4-6;/h2-4,9-13H,5H2,1H3;1H
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| Chemical Name |
4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;hydrochloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.5523 mL | 22.7614 mL | 45.5228 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.9105 mL | 4.5523 mL | 9.1046 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4552 mL | 2.2761 mL | 4.5523 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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