| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 500mg | |||
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| Targets |
Targets (as tracer): Isotope-Labeled Compounds / Amino Acid Transporter. Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid required for protein synthesis. It is also a precursor for the synthesis of other amino acids (tyrosine), catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine), and the skin pigment melanin, via the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
In vitro, stable heavy isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, and other elements have been incorporated into drug molecules, largely as tracers for quantitation during the drug development process. No specific cell-based activity is reported for the labeled form beyond its use as a tracer in cell culture experiments. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, the 13C-labeled phenylalanine is used as a tracer in metabolic studies to investigate protein turnover, amino acid flux, and whole-body protein synthesis. It can be administered orally or intravenously to animals or humans, and the incorporation of the label into plasma proteins or specific organs is measured by mass spectrometry. The tracer itself is not a therapeutic agent.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For cell-free assay: biological samples (plasma, urine, or cell lysates) are spiked with DL-3-Phenylalanine-13C-1 as an internal standard. After protein precipitation with acetonitrile or methanol, and derivatization if necessary, the samples are analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Quantitation is based on the analyte/internal standard peak area ratio.
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| Cell Assay |
For cell assays: cells are incubated in media containing the 13C-labeled phenylalanine (SILAC media) for several passages. The labeled amino acid is incorporated into newly synthesized proteins. After trypsin digestion of the proteins, the resulting peptides are analyzed by LC-MS/MS to quantify protein expression levels and turnover rates (dynamic SILAC).
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| Animal Protocol |
For animal studies: animals (mice or rats) are administered DL-3-Phenylalanine-13C-1 via oral gavage or intravenous infusion as part of a metabolic tracer study. Serial blood samples are collected, and the enrichment of 13C in plasma amino acids and proteins is measured by LC-MS/MS to calculate fractional synthesis rates of proteins and whole-body phenylalanine flux.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
PK properties of phenylalanine: after oral or IV administration, it is rapidly absorbed and distributed throughout the body. It crosses the blood-brain barrier via the L-type amino acid transporter (LAT1). Normal plasma concentration is approx. 50-100 uM. In phenylketonuria (PKU), phenylalanine accumulates due to deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase, making monitoring essential. The 13C label does not alter PK.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No toxicity is associated with this compound at tracer levels. DL-Phenylalanine is generally safe as a nutritional supplement at recommended doses. High doses may cause nausea, heartburn, or anxiety. In individuals with PKU, phenylalanine is toxic due to impaired metabolism. The labeled standard is for research use only and is non-hazardous for transport.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
DL-3-Phenylalanine-13C-1 is a research standard, not a drug. It is not FDA-approved for clinical use. It is used extensively in metabolic research to study protein metabolism in health and disease (e.g., cancer cachexia, muscle wasting, diabetes). The unlabeled compound is a dietary supplement, but its therapeutic use is limited. It is also used as a quality control standard in food and pharmaceutical analysis.
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| Molecular Formula |
C9H11NO2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
166.181797266006
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| Exact Mass |
166.082
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| CAS # |
64193-01-7
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| Related CAS # |
DL-3-Phenylalanine;150-30-1
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| PubChem CID |
10154215
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
-1.5
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
12
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| Complexity |
153
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O(C1C=CC=CC=1)C([13C@@H](C)N)=O
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| InChi Key |
COLNVLDHVKWLRT-VJJZLTLGSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H11NO2/c10-8(9(11)12)6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5,8H,6,10H2,(H,11,12)/i8+1
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| Chemical Name |
2-amino-3-phenyl(213C)propanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
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| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.0176 mL | 30.0879 mL | 60.1757 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.2035 mL | 6.0176 mL | 12.0351 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6018 mL | 3.0088 mL | 6.0176 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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