| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100mg |
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| 500mg |
| Targets |
The primary targets of disopyramide phosphate are cardiac sodium channels and potassium channels. As a Class IA antiarrhythmic agent, disopyramide phosphate blocks the fast inward sodium current (I_Na) during phase 0 of the cardiac action potential, slowing the rate of depolarization and reducing conduction velocity. This effect is use-dependent, meaning that it is more pronounced at higher heart rates. The compound also prolongs the duration of the action potential and the effective refractory period by blocking potassium channels, particularly the HERG-encoded potassium channels responsible for the rapid delayed rectifier current (I_Kr). These combined effects on sodium and potassium channels stabilize the cardiac membrane and suppress arrhythmias.
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| ln Vitro |
Disopyramide doses in the therapeutic range (IC50=7.23 μM) dose-dependently block the HERG tail current, which is measured at -40 mV following a test pulse to +30 mV [1].
In vitro, disopyramide phosphate demonstrates antiarrhythmic activity by blocking sodium and potassium channels in cardiac myocytes. The compound blocks the fast inward sodium current (I_Na) and prolongs the duration of cardiac action potentials. It also inhibits HERG-encoded potassium channels, which is a common mechanism of action for Class IA and Class III antiarrhythmic agents. The compound's effects on cardiac action potentials have been characterized using patch-clamp electrophysiology on isolated cardiac myocytes or cells expressing recombinant ion channels. Disopyramide phosphate's in vitro activity is concentration-dependent, with higher concentrations producing greater effects on sodium and potassium channels. The compound's use-dependent block of sodium channels is a key feature of its antiarrhythmic activity. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, disopyramide phosphate is used as an oral antiarrhythmic agent for the treatment of ventricular and atrial arrhythmias. It is effective in suppressing premature ventricular contractions, ventricular tachycardia, and atrial fibrillation. The compound's mechanism of action involves blocking sodium and potassium channels in the cardiac membrane, which slows conduction and prolongs refractoriness, thereby suppressing arrhythmias. Disopyramide phosphate also has anticholinergic effects, which can contribute to its therapeutic effects but also cause side effects. The compound has been shown to stabilize the cell membrane and alter the action potential. Its in vivo efficacy has been demonstrated in clinical studies, where it has been used for decades as an antiarrhythmic agent.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro ion channel assays for disopyramide phosphate measure its effects on sodium and potassium channels. Patch-clamp electrophysiology is the gold standard for studying the compound's effects on ion channels. In these assays, isolated cardiac myocytes or cells expressing recombinant ion channels are voltage-clamped, and the effects of disopyramide phosphate on sodium current (I_Na) and potassium current (I_Kr) are measured. The compound's use-dependent block of sodium channels is assessed by applying repetitive voltage pulses. HERG channel inhibition is measured using cells expressing HERG potassium channels. These assays provide detailed information on the compound's mechanism of action and potency at the ion channel level.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for disopyramide phosphate are typically not performed, as the compound's mechanism of action is direct ion channel modulation rather than effects on cellular signaling pathways. However, cytotoxicity assays using cardiac cell lines can be conducted to assess the compound's safety profile and potential for off-target effects. These assays involve treating cells with varying concentrations of disopyramide phosphate and measuring cell viability using standard assays such as MTT or LDH release. Additionally, the compound's effects on cardiac cell function can be assessed using multielectrode array (MEA) systems to measure field potential duration and other electrophysiological parameters.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for disopyramide phosphate have been conducted to evaluate its antiarrhythmic efficacy and safety. In typical studies, animal models of arrhythmia (such as ouabain-induced arrhythmias, coronary artery ligation-induced arrhythmias, or programmed electrical stimulation models) are used. Disopyramide phosphate is administered intravenously or orally, and the incidence and severity of arrhythmias are assessed using electrocardiography (ECG). The compound's effects on heart rate, PR interval, QRS duration, and QT interval are measured. These studies have confirmed the compound's antiarrhythmic efficacy and provided data on its dose-response relationship and safety profile.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Disopyramide phosphate has a molecular weight of 437.47 and a chemical formula of C₂₁H₃₂N₃O₅P. It is administered orally for the treatment of arrhythmias. The compound is well-absorbed after oral administration and has a bioavailability of approximately 80-90%. It is bound to plasma proteins (primarily alpha-1 acid glycoprotein) and has a half-life of approximately 6-9 hours in patients with normal renal function. Disopyramide phosphate is metabolized in the liver and excreted primarily in urine, with both the parent compound and its metabolites being active. The compound's pharmacokinetics can be affected by renal function, and dose adjustment is necessary in patients with renal impairment.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Disopyramide phosphate has significant side effects, primarily related to its anticholinergic properties and its effects on cardiac conduction. Common side effects include dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, and urinary retention due to its anticholinergic activity. Cardiac side effects include hypotension, bradycardia, and exacerbation of heart failure due to its negative inotropic effects. The compound can also prolong the QT interval, increasing the risk of torsades de pointes, a potentially fatal arrhythmia. Disopyramide phosphate is contraindicated in patients with cardiogenic shock, severe heart failure, or second- or third-degree heart block. Regular monitoring of ECG and serum drug levels is recommended during therapy.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Disopyramide phosphate is an organoammonium phosphate compound with functions similar to disopyridine. Disopyramide phosphate is a class Ia antiarrhythmic drug with cardiodepressant effects. It works by blocking sodium and potassium ion channels in phase 0 of the action potential on the myocardial cell membrane. This slows impulse conduction through the atrioventricular node and prolongs the duration of the action potential in normal myocardial cells in the atria and ventricles. Disopyridine can prolong the QT interval and cause QRS complex widening. It also has some anticholinergic and local anesthetic effects. Disopyramide phosphate is used to treat supraventricular tachycardia. It is a class I antiarrhythmic drug (directly interfering with myocardial cell membrane depolarization, thus acting as a membrane stabilizer), with cardiodepressant effects similar to guanidine. It also has some anticholinergic and local anesthetic effects. See also: Disopyridine (with active moiety).
Disopyramide phosphate (CAS# 22059-60-5) is a Class IA antiarrhythmic agent that blocks sodium and potassium channels in the cardiac membrane. It is used for the treatment of ventricular and atrial arrhythmias. The compound prolongs the duration of cardiac action potentials and stabilizes the cell membrane. It has a molecular weight of 437.47. Disopyramide phosphate has anticholinergic effects and can cause significant side effects including QT prolongation and heart failure. It has been used clinically for decades and remains available as an antiarrhythmic agent. |
| Molecular Formula |
C21H29N3O.H3O4P
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
437.46968
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| Exact Mass |
437.208
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| CAS # |
22059-60-5
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| Related CAS # |
Disopyramide;3737-09-5
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| PubChem CID |
30928
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Boiling Point |
505.2ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
259.4ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
2.48E-10mmHg at 25°C
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| LogP |
3.133
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
7
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
8
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| Heavy Atom Count |
30
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| Complexity |
459
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
CGDDQFMPGMYYQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C21H29N3O.H3O4P/c1-16(2)24(17(3)4)15-13-21(20(22)25,18-10-6-5-7-11-18)19-12-8-9-14-23-19;1-5(2,3)4/h5-12,14,16-17H,13,15H2,1-4H3,(H2,22,25);(H3,1,2,3,4)
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| Chemical Name |
4-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]-2-phenyl-2-pyridin-2-ylbutanamide;phosphoric acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.2859 mL | 11.4294 mL | 22.8587 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4572 mL | 2.2859 mL | 4.5717 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2286 mL | 1.1429 mL | 2.2859 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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