| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Direct Violet 1 targets the protein-protein interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which is the primary entry point for the virus into host cells. By inhibiting this interaction, the compound prevents the virus from attaching to and entering host cells.
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| ln Vitro |
With IC50 values of 1.47 μM, 2.63 μM, and 2.11 μM, respectively, Direct Violet 1 inhibits the binding of SARS-CoV-2-S-RBD to human ACE2, the binding of SARS-CoV-S1S2 to ACE2, and the binding of TNF-R1 to TNFα. With an IC50 of 35.8 μM, Direct Violet 1 blocks the SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus's entrance into hACE2-expressing host cells in a concentration-dependent manner [1].
In vitro, Direct Violet 1 inhibits the entry of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus into host cells expressing hACE2 in a concentration-dependent manner. It has an IC50 of 35.8 μM for this activity. Other sources report IC50 values of 1.47-2.63 μM for inhibiting the spike protein-ACE2 interaction. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Direct Violet 1 has not been studied as a therapeutic agent for COVID-19 due to its properties as a dye and potential toxicity. Its antiviral activity has only been demonstrated in in vitro pseudovirus entry assays. The compound is not used in animal models for therapeutic purposes and is strictly a research tool.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays for Direct Violet 1 typically measure its ability to disrupt the binding between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the ACE2 receptor. This can be assessed using ELISA-based competition assays, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), or other biophysical methods that quantify the interaction between the two proteins in the presence of the compound.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for Direct Violet 1 involve using pseudovirus particles that express the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to infect host cells that express the human ACE2 receptor. The compound is added to the cells, and its ability to inhibit pseudovirus entry is measured by quantifying the expression of a reporter gene carried by the pseudovirus.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal models are not applicable for Direct Violet 1 as a therapeutic agent, as it is a dye not intended for systemic administration. The compound's antiviral activity has only been demonstrated in in vitro pseudovirus entry assays. It is not used in animal models for therapeutic purposes.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Direct Violet 1 has a molecular formula of C32H22N6Na2O8S2 and a molecular weight of 728.66 g/mol. It appears as a red to dark blue to black powder or crystal. Its lambda max is 525.0 to 529.0 nm in water. It is soluble in water at 62.5 mg/mL and should be stored at room temperature.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Direct Violet 1 is an azo dye with a potential toxicity profile characteristic of textile dyes. It is not intended for human consumption or therapeutic use. As a laboratory reagent, it should be handled with appropriate safety precautions, including the use of personal protective equipment. Its safety for in vivo applications has not been established.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Direct Violet 1 (CAS# 2586-60-9) is an azo dye primarily used as a textile dye. It has been identified as an inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-ACE2 interaction with IC50 values reported in the low micromolar range. The compound is for research use only and is not approved for human therapeutic use.
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| Molecular Formula |
C32H22N6NA2O8S2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
728.66
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| Exact Mass |
728.074
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| CAS # |
2586-60-9
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| PubChem CID |
135462983
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| Appearance |
Off-white to brown solid powder
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| Density |
1.64g/cm3
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| Index of Refraction |
1.771
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| LogP |
10.198
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
14
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
50
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| Complexity |
1240
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
VDRKHPFIMDTBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-L
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C32H24N6O8S2.2Na/c33-25-11-5-19-13-23(47(41,42)43)15-27(39)29(19)31(25)37-35-21-7-1-17(2-8-21)18-3-9-22(10-4-18)36-38-32-26(34)12-6-20-14-24(48(44,45)46)16-28(40)30(20)32;;/h1-16,39-40H,33-34H2,(H,41,42,43)(H,44,45,46);;/q;2*+1/p-2
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| Chemical Name |
disodium;6-amino-5-[[4-[4-[(2-amino-8-hydroxy-6-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl]phenyl]phenyl]diazenyl]-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonate
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| Synonyms |
CCRIS 2413; Airedale Violet ND; Direct Violet 1
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~62.5 mg/mL (~85.77 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.3724 mL | 6.8619 mL | 13.7238 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2745 mL | 1.3724 mL | 2.7448 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1372 mL | 0.6862 mL | 1.3724 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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