| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Difloxacin targets bacterial DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV, enzymes essential for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, and repair. Difloxacin-d3 HCl retains the same antibacterial mechanism but is labeled with deuterium for use as an analytical standard.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a matter for concern [17].
Difloxacin-d3 HCl has the same antibacterial activity as unlabeled difloxacin. Difloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including some anaerobes. It acts by inhibiting DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, leading to bacterial cell death. |
| ln Vivo |
Dedicated in vivo activity studies are not performed for Difloxacin-d3 HCl as a test compound. Unlabeled difloxacin is used in veterinary medicine to treat bacterial infections. The deuterium-labeled compound is used as an internal standard for quantifying difloxacin levels in plasma, tissues, and food products.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Difloxacin-d3 HCl is used as an analytical internal standard. Known amounts are spiked into biological samples (e.g., plasma, milk, tissue homogenates) before extraction. The samples are then analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The deuterium label provides a distinct mass shift, allowing accurate quantification of unlabeled difloxacin residues.
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| Cell Assay |
Difloxacin-d3 HCl is not typically used in cell-based assays as a test compound. It is an analytical standard. Bacterial susceptibility to the unlabeled difloxacin can be assessed using standard microbiological assays, such as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination in broth culture.
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| Animal Protocol |
In animal PK or residue studies, Difloxacin-d3 HCl is used as an internal standard. The unlabeled difloxacin is administered to animals, and the labeled compound is added to collected samples for accurate quantification by LC-MS/MS. This is standard practice for regulatory drug residue monitoring.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As an internal standard, Difloxacin-d3 HCl is not administered to animals for PK assessment of itself. Its PK properties are expected to be identical to unlabeled difloxacin. Difloxacin is well absorbed after oral administration, widely distributed, and excreted primarily in urine and feces. Detailed PK data are available for the unlabeled drug.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Difloxacin-d3 HCl is used at trace levels as an analytical standard. Unlabeled difloxacin has a well-established safety profile for veterinary use, with common adverse effects including gastrointestinal disturbances. At the trace concentrations used as an internal standard, it poses negligible toxicity risk.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Difloxacin-d3 HCl is a stable isotope-labeled compound used as an internal standard for the quantification of difloxacin residues in food safety testing and veterinary drug monitoring. It is strictly for research use and is not for human therapeutic use. The isotopic purity is typically >98%.
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| Molecular Formula |
C21H20CLF2N3O3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
438.870096206665
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| Exact Mass |
438.134
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| CAS # |
1173021-89-0
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| Related CAS # |
Difloxacin-d3;1173147-93-7;Difloxacin hydrochloride;91296-86-5;Difloxacin;98106-17-3;Difloxacin-d3 hydrochloride trihydrate
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| PubChem CID |
71312427
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
30
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| Complexity |
672
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
[2H]C([2H])([2H])N1CCN(CC1)C2=C(C=C3C(=C2)N(C=C(C3=O)C(=O)O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)F)F.Cl
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| InChi Key |
JFMGBGLSDVIOHL-NIIDSAIPSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C21H19F2N3O3.ClH/c1-24-6-8-25(9-7-24)19-11-18-15(10-17(19)23)20(27)16(21(28)29)12-26(18)14-4-2-13(22)3-5-14;/h2-5,10-12H,6-9H2,1H3,(H,28,29);1H/i1D3;
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| Chemical Name |
6-fluoro-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-oxo-7-[4-(trideuteriomethyl)piperazin-1-yl]quinoline-3-carboxylic acid;hydrochloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.2786 mL | 11.3929 mL | 22.7858 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4557 mL | 2.2786 mL | 4.5572 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2279 mL | 1.1393 mL | 2.2786 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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