| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| Other Sizes |
Purity: ≥98%
| Targets |
Endogenous Metabolite
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
d-Thyroxine (d-T4) is a by-product in the synthesis of l-T4 and is not active in the thyroid.
Dihydroxycoumarin's pharmacological actions are also influenced by D-thyroxine sodium [2].
D-thyroxine is the D-enantiomer of thyroxine. It is a thyroxine and a D-tyrosine derivative. It is an enantiomer of a L-thyroxine. The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (monoiodotyrosine) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (diiodotyrosine) in the thyroglobulin. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form triiodothyronine which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism. Dextrothyroxine is the dextrorotary isomer of thyroxine, a thyroid hormone with antihyperlipidemic activity. Dextrothyroxine stimulates the formation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and increases the catabolism of LDL thereby leading to increased excretion of cholesterol and bile acids via the biliary route. This results in a reduction in serum cholesterol and LDL. |
| ln Vivo |
D-thyroxine sodium decreases the metabolism of pentobarbital, pethidine, and dihydroxycoumarin in mice [1].
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| Enzyme Assay |
Amperometric biosensor for the assay of d-T4[2]
Paraffin oil and graphite powder were mixed in a ratio 1:4 (w/w) to form a graphite paste. Hundred microliters from the enzymatic solution (1 mg enzyme ml−1 of 0.1 mol l−1 phosphate buffer, pH 7.0) of l-amino acid oxidase (l-AAOD) (EC 1.4.3.2, Type I: crude dried venom from Crotalus adamanteus) were added to the carbon paste. A plastic tip was filled with the corresponding graphite–paraffin oil paste leaving an empty space of 3–4 mm in the top part filled with carbon paste containing the enzyme. The diameter of the sensor was 3 mm. Electric contact was obtained by inserting a silver wire into the carbon paste. The electrode tip was gently rubbed on fine paper to produce a flat surface. The surface of the electrode was wetted with de-ionized water and then polished with an alumina paper (polished strips 30144-001) before use. The biosensors were stored dry at 4 °C. |
| Animal Protocol |
In mice, D-thyroxine inhibits the metabolism of bishydroxycoumarin as well as that of meperidine and pentobarbital; in man, the anticoagulant response to bishydroxycoumarin is increased at doses which do not change the rate of metabolism of the drug. Clofibrate does not affect bishydroxycoumarin metabolism in mice or in man but does increase the anticoagulant response to the drug in man. Norethandrolone also increases the anticoagulant response to bishydroxycoumarin in man without affecting the rate of metabolism of the drug. Since clinically effective doses of these three drugs do not decrease the concentration of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors or affect the absorption, distribution, or metabolism of bishydroxycoumarin in man, it seems likely that they potentiate the pharmacologic effect of bishydroxycoumarin by increasing the affinity of the receptor site for the anticoagulant [1].
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Effects During Pregnancy and Lactation
◉ Overview of Lactation Use Thyroid is an animal-derived compound composed of levothyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), both of which are normal components of human breast milk. Data on exogenous levothyroxine supplementation during lactation are limited, but no adverse effects on infants have been found. If the mother needs to take thyroid hormone, breastfeeding should not be discontinued. The American Thyroid Association recommends that breastfeeding women planning to breastfeed should use levothyroxine to treat subclinical and clinical hypothyroidism. Patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis may require an increased dose of thyroid hormone postpartum compared to their pre-pregnancy levels. ◉ Effects on Breastfed Infants There are no reports on the effects of maternal use of exogenous thyroid hormones on their infants. There have been reports that breastfeeding appears to reduce cretinism symptoms in infants with hypothyroidism, but the thyroid hormone content in breast milk is not ideal, so this result is controversial. The levels of thyroid hormones in the breast milk of mothers of extremely premature infants appear insufficient to affect the infant's thyroid function. The levels of thyroid hormones in breast milk are clearly insufficient to interfere with the diagnosis of hypothyroidism. In a telephone follow-up study, five breastfeeding mothers reported taking levothyroxine (dosage not specified). These mothers reported no adverse reactions in their infants. One mother who had undergone thyroidectomy took 100 micrograms of levothyroxine daily, along with calcium carbonate and calcitriol. Her breastfed infant was reported to be "growing well" at 3 months of age. ◉ Effects on lactation and breast milk: Adequate serum thyroid hormone levels are necessary for normal lactation. Thyroid hormone supplementation can improve insufficient lactation caused by hypothyroidism. Supraphysiological doses are not expected to further improve lactation. |
| References |
[1]. John J. Schrogie M.D., et al. II. The effect of D-thyroxine, clofibrate, and norethandrolone. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Volume8, Issue1part1 January 1967 Pages 70-77
[2]. Raluca-IoanaStefan, et al. Simultaneous determination of l-thyroxine (l-T4), d-thyroxine (d-T4), and l-triiodothyronine (l-T3) using a sensors/sequential injection analysis system. |
| Additional Infomation |
The dextrorotatory isomer of synthetic thyroxine.
See also: dextrorotatory thyroxine sodium (note moved to). |
| Molecular Formula |
C15H10NO4I4-.NA+
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
798.850000000001
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| Exact Mass |
798.669
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 22.55; H, 1.26; I, 63.54; N, 1.75; Na, 2.88; O, 8.01
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| CAS # |
137-53-1
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| Related CAS # |
D-Thyroxine;51-49-0
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| PubChem CID |
23690433
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| Appearance |
Solid powder
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| Boiling Point |
576.3ºC at 760mmHg
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| Flash Point |
302.3ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
4.02E-14mmHg at 25°C
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| LogP |
3.922
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
25
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| Complexity |
426
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
[Na+].O=C(C(CC1C=C(I)C(OC2C=C(I)C(O)=C(I)C=2)=C(I)C=1)N)[O-]
|
| InChi Key |
YDTFRJLNMPSCFM-UTONKHPSSA-M
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C15H11I4NO4.Na/c16-8-4-7(5-9(17)13(8)21)24-14-10(18)1-6(2-11(14)19)3-12(20)15(22)23;/h1-2,4-5,12,21H,3,20H2,(H,22,23);/q;+1/p-1/t12-;/m1./s1
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| Chemical Name |
sodium (R)-2-amino-3-(4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl)propanoate
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| Synonyms |
D-Thyroxine sodium salt; 137-53-1; DEXTROTHYROXINE SODIUM; Detyroxin; dynothel; Biotirmone; Choloxin; Debetrol;
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.03.00
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: >10 mM
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.2518 mL | 6.2590 mL | 12.5180 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2504 mL | 1.2518 mL | 2.5036 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1252 mL | 0.6259 mL | 1.2518 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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