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Dexmedetomidine

Alias: Dexmedetomidine HCl; Dexmedetomidine Hydrochloride; Precedex
Cat No.:V1146 Purity: ≥98%
Dexmedetomidine (trade name Precedex), the dexter isomer of medetomidine,is a potent and highly selective alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist withsedative activities.
Dexmedetomidine
Dexmedetomidine Chemical Structure CAS No.: 113775-47-6
Product category: Adrenergic Receptor
This product is for research use only, not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Size Price Stock Qty
25mg
50mg
100mg
250mg
500mg
1g
Other Sizes

Other Forms of Dexmedetomidine:

  • Medetomidine (MPV-785)
  • Dexmedetomidine HCl [(S)-Medetomidine]
  • Medetomidine HCl (MPV-785)
Official Supplier of:
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Top Publications Citing lnvivochem Products
Purity & Quality Control Documentation

Purity: ≥98%

Product Description

Dexmedetomidine (trade name Precedex), the dexter isomer of medetomidine, is a potent and highly selective alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist with sedative activities. Dexmedetomidine significantly sedates patients, thereby reducing the need for anesthesia.

Biological Activity I Assay Protocols (From Reference)
Targets
α2-adrenergic receptor ( Ki = 1.08 nM )
ln Vitro

In vitro activity: Dexmedetomidine is regarded as a complete agonist of the α2 receptor because of its comparatively high ratio of α2/α1-activity (1620:1 as opposed to clonidine's 220:1 ratio). This could lead to stronger sedative effects without any negative cardiovascular effects from activating the α1 receptor. Given that dexmedetomidine's 2-hour half-life is almost 4-fold shorter than clonidine's, there is a greater chance that dexmedetomidine infusions could be helpful for sedation over time. Dexmedetomidine also has minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC)-sparing properties, but its use as an anesthetic adjuvant has been complicated by persistent hypotension that has mandated IV fluid administration and vasopressor administration. Furthermore, the use of large doses of it is complicated by hypertension caused by vascular constriction mediated by α2 receptor.

ln Vivo
Medetomidine (10-100 μg/kg; i.v. at 5-min intervals) causes a dose-dependent dilation of the pupils in rats given pentobarbitone[1].
Animal Protocol
Female Sprague-Dawley rats (270-350 g)
1, 5, 10, 50, 100 mg/kg
I.v. at 5-min intervals
ADME/Pharmacokinetics
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
A mass balance study demonstrated that after nine days an average of 95% of the radioactivity, following intravenous administration of radiolabeled dexmedetomidine, was recovered in the urine and 4% in the feces. Fractionation of the radioactivity excreted in urine demonstrated that products of N-glucuronidation accounted for approximately 34% of the cumulative urinary excretion. The majority of metabolites are excreted in the urine.
118 L
39 L/h [Healthy volunteers receiving IV infusion (0.2-0.7 mcg/kg/hr)]
Metabolism / Metabolites
Hepatic
Dexmedetomidine has known human metabolites that include (2S,3S,4S,5R)-6-[5-[(1S)-1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazol-3-ium-3-yl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid and (2S,3S,4S,5R)-6-[5-[(1S)-1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]imidazol-1-yl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid.
Biological Half-Life
2 hours
Toxicity/Toxicokinetics
Effects During Pregnancy and Lactation
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation
Limited data indicate that very small amounts of dexmedetomidine are excreted into breastmilk for 4 to 6 hours after the end of an intravenous infusion. The drug is absent from breastmilk by 24 hours after the end of an infusion. The amounts in milk after sublingual use are expected to be less than after intravenous infusion. Because of the low dose in milk and its poor oral bioavailability, dexmedetomidine would not be expected to cause adverse effects in breastfed infants or neonates. Monitor the breastfed infant for irritability during sublingual use.
◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants
Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk
A double-blind study randomized 160 women receiving an elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia to receive either sufentanil for patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (standard care) or standard care plus dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine was given as 5 mcg/kg, followed by a continuous infusion of 0.5 mcg/kg per hour until the end of surgery. Patient in this latter group received dexmedetomidine plus sufentanil for patient-controlled intravenous analgesia postoperatively for 2 days. Patients who received dexmedetomidine had a shorter time to the first lactation (28 vs 34 hours), achieved exclusive breastfeeding sooner (8 vs 11 days) and had a greater amount of milk on the second day postpartum.
In a retrospective study of women undergoing cesarean section deliveries, 3 regimens were compared: dexmedetomidine before anesthesia and during delivery (n = 115), normal saline before anesthesia and during delivery and dexmedetomidine after delivery (n = 109), and normal saline before anesthesia and during delivery (n = 168). Women who received dexmedetomidine before anesthesia and during delivery consumed less sufentanil and ondansetron during their hospitalization and had a slightly shorter time to the first production of milk than women in the other groups (25 minutes vs 27 to 28 minutes).
Protein Binding
94%
References

[1]. Characterization of the selectivity, specificity and potency of medetomidine as an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist. Eur J Pharmacol. 1988 May 20;150(1-2):9-14.

[2]. Dexmedetomidine: a novel sedative-analgesic agent. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2001 Jan;14(1):13-21.

[3]. A comparison of oral dexmedetomidine and oral midazolam as premedicants in children. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. Jan-Mar 2019;35(1):36-40.

Additional Infomation
Dexmedetomidine is a medetomidine. It has a role as an alpha-adrenergic agonist, a non-narcotic analgesic, an analgesic and a sedative. It is an enantiomer of a levomedetomidine.
An agonist of receptors, adrenergic alpha-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of dexmedetomidine.
Dexmedetomidine is a Central alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonist. The mechanism of action of dexmedetomidine is as an Adrenergic alpha2-Agonist. The physiologic effect of dexmedetomidine is by means of General Anesthesia.
Dexmedetomidine is an imidazole derivate and active d-isomer of medetomidine with analgesic, anxiolytic and sedative properties. Dexmedetomidine selectively binds to presynaptic alpha-2 adrenoceptors located in the brain, thereby inhibiting the release of norepinephrine from synaptic vesicles. This leads to an inhibition of postsynaptic activation of adrenoceptors, which inhibit sympathetic activity, thereby leading to sedation and anxiolysis. The analgesic effect of this agent is mediated by binding to alpha-2 adrenoceptors in the spinal cord.
An imidazole derivative that is an agonist of ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS. It is closely related to MEDETOMIDINE, which is the racemic form of this compound.
Drug Indication
Administered intravenously, dexmedetomidine is indicated for the sedation of initially intubated and mechanically ventilated patients during treatment in intensive care settings, and for the sedation of non-intubated patients prior to and/or during surgery and other procedures. It is also available as a buccally- or sublingually-administered dissolvable film for the acute treatment of agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar I or II disorder.
For sedation of adult intensive care unit patients requiring a sedation level not deeper than arousal in response to verbal stimulation (corresponding to Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) 0 to -3).
For sedation of adult ICU (Intensive Care Unit) patients requiring a sedation level not deeper than arousal in response to verbal stimulation (corresponding to Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) 0 to -3). For sedation of non-intubated adult patients prior to and/or during diagnostic or surgical procedures requiring sedation, i. e. procedural/awake sedation.
Non-invasive, mildly to moderately painful, procedures and examinations which require restraint, sedation and analgesia in dogs and cats. Deep sedation and analgesia in dogs in concomitant use with butorphanol for medical and minor surgical procedures. Premedication in dogs and cats before induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia.
Non-invasive, mildly to moderately painful, procedures and examinations which require restraint, sedation and analgesia in dogs and cats. Deep sedation and analgesia in dogs in concomitant use with butorphanol for medical and minor surgical procedures. Premedication in dogs and cats before induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia.
Noninvasive, mildly to moderately painful, procedures and examinations which require restraint, sedation and analgesia in dogs and cats. Premedication in cats before induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia with ketamine. Deep sedation and analgesia in dogs in concomitant use with butorphanol for medical and minor surgical procedures. Premedication in dogs before induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia.
Alleviation of acute anxiety and fear associated with noise in dogs.
Mechanism of Action
Dexmedetomidine is a specific and selective alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist. By binding to the presynaptic alpha-2 adrenoceptors, it inhibits the release if norepinephrine, therefore, terminate the propagation of pain signals. Activation of the postsynaptic alpha-2 adrenoceptors inhibits the sympathetic activity decreases blood pressure and heart rate.
Pharmacodynamics
Dexmedetomidine activates 2-adrenoceptors, and causes the decrease of sympathetic tone, with attenuation of the neuroendocrine and hemodynamic responses to anesthesia and surgery; it reduces anesthetic and opioid requirements; and causes sedation and analgesia.
These protocols are for reference only. InvivoChem does not independently validate these methods.
Physicochemical Properties
Molecular Formula
C13H16N2
Molecular Weight
200.28
Exact Mass
200.131
Elemental Analysis
C, 77.96; H, 8.05; N, 13.99
CAS #
113775-47-6
Related CAS #
Medetomidine; 86347-14-0;Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride; 145108-58-3; Medetomidine hydrochloride; 86347-15-1
PubChem CID
5311068
Appearance
White to off-white solid powder
Density
1.053g/cm3
Boiling Point
381.9ºC at 760mmHg
Melting Point
146-149°C
Flash Point
191.3ºC
Vapour Pressure
1.08E-05mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction
1.569
LogP
3.178
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
1
Rotatable Bond Count
2
Heavy Atom Count
15
Complexity
205
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
1
SMILES
N1([H])C([H])=NC([H])=C1[C@@]([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])=C1C([H])([H])[H]
InChi Key
CUHVIMMYOGQXCV-NSHDSACASA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C13H16N2/c1-9-5-4-6-12(10(9)2)11(3)13-7-14-8-15-13/h4-8,11H,1-3H3,(H,14,15)/t11-/m0/s1
Chemical Name
5-[(1S)-1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazole
Synonyms
Dexmedetomidine HCl; Dexmedetomidine Hydrochloride; Precedex
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
Storage

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage.
Shipping Condition
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
Solubility Data
Solubility (In Vitro)
DMSO: 40~125 mg/mL (199.7~624.1 mM)
Water: ~40 mg/mL (~199.7 mM)
Ethanol: ~40 mg/mL (~199.7 mM)
Solubility (In Vivo)
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (10.39 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (10.39 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C,1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (10.39 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.


 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)
Preparing Stock Solutions 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 4.9930 mL 24.9650 mL 49.9301 mL
5 mM 0.9986 mL 4.9930 mL 9.9860 mL
10 mM 0.4993 mL 2.4965 mL 4.9930 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.

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Note: Chemical formula is case sensitive: C12H18N3O4  c12h18n3o4
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In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal to make allowance for loss during the experiment)
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Working concentration mg/mL;

Method for preparing DMSO stock solution mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation:Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.

(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
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Clinical Trial Information
Role of Intravenous Dexmedetomidine in Reducing Shivering After Shivering Cesarean Section Due to Spinal Anesthesia
CTID: NCT06711913
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-12-02
Comparison of Two Sedation Regimens for Awake Fiberoptic Intubation
CTID: NCT05736198
Phase:    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-11-29
Effects of Dexmedetomidine Versus Ketamine on Inflammatory Response and Hemodynamic in Patients
CTID: NCT06490731
Phase: Phase 1/Phase 2    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-11-27
Comparison of Perioperative Conscious Sedation During Endovascular Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke
CTID: NCT06139692
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-11-27
Dexmedetomidine Dosage for Postoperative Delirium and Cognitive Function in Elderly TKA Patients
CTID: NCT06614881
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-11-26
View More

Dexmedetomidine and Magnesium Sulfate in the Reduction Cognitive Dysfunction in Geriatrics
CTID: NCT06702488
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-11-25


Dexmedetomidine in Reducing Postoperative Delirium Among Cardiac Surgery Patients with Preoperative Sleep Disorders
CTID: NCT06619912
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2024-11-20
Dexmedetomidine, Ozone and Dexamethasone Local Injection in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome for Pain Relief
CTID: NCT06133712
Phase: N/A    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-11-19
Efficacy and Safety of Adding Dexmedetomidine to Levobupivacaine in Rectus Sheath Block Compared to Quadratus Lumborum Block in Patients Undergoing Lower Abdominal Cancer Surgery: a Randomized Clinical Trial
CTID: NCT06695468
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2024-11-19
Association Between Anesthetic Drugs for General Anesthesia and Postoperative Intelligence/behavioral Assessment Results in Children
CTID: NCT04364945
Phase: N/A    Status: Active, not recruiting
Date: 2024-11-19
Liposomal Bupivacaine Vs Bupivacaine with Dexmedetomidine in Erector Spinae Plane Blocks for Mastectomies
CTID: NCT06252662
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-11-19
Comparing the Effect of Adding Dexmedetomidine to Bupivacaine in Classical and Modified Thoracolumbar Interfascial Plane Block on Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Lumbar Disc Surgeries
CTID: NCT06690021
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2024-11-15
Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant in External Oblique Intercostal Plane Block for Post Thoracotomy Pain
CTID: NCT06684535
Phase: N/A    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-11-15
Pharmacokinetics of Sedatives and Analgesics During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) Support
CTID: NCT03593408
Phase:    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-11-14
Intranasal Dexmedetomidine vs Intranasal Midazolam as Anxiolysis Prior to Pediatric Laceration Repair
CTID: NCT02168439
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-11-14
Dexmedetomidine in Postoperative Analgesia
CTID: NCT05705128
Phase: Phase 2/Phase 3    Status: Enrolling by invitation
Date: 2024-11-14
Dexmedetomidine vs Propofol TIVA (Total Intravenous Anesthesia) and Interscalene Block
CTID: NCT02469961
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-11-13
Effect of Adding Different Concentrations of Dexmedetomidine to Bupivacaine in Caudal Block for Pediatrics
CTID: NCT06668220
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2024-11-13
Dexmedetomidine for Improved Pain Relief and Recovery in Spine Surgery
CTID: NCT06685081
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-11-12
Effect of Dexmedetomidine on the Quality of Recovery in Parturients Undergoing Elective Caesarean Sections
CTID: NCT05991466
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-11-12
Premedication With Intranasal Dexmedetomidine in Sedation of Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty
CTID: NCT04859283
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Active, not recruiting
Date: 2024-11-12
The Impact of a Dexmedetomidine Perfusion on Intraoperative Remifentanil Consumption
CTID: NCT06684197
Phase: N/A    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2024-11-12
Opioid-based Versus Opioid-free Anaesthesia for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
CTID: NCT06476600
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-11-08
Propofol Versus Dexmedetomidine Effect on Prevention Emergence Agitation
CTID: NCT06312618
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-11-06
Comparison Between Effect of Vitamin D Versus Dexmedetomidine in Patients with Head Trauma Using Interleukin 6
CTID: NCT06565338
Phase:    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-11-04
Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Postoperative Mental Disorders and Long-term Survival in Elderly Patients
CTID: NCT06362408
Phase:    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-11-04
Dexmedetomidine and Bupivacaine Intra-articular for Postoperative Analgesia After Knee Arthroscopic Surgery
CTID: NCT06665438
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2024-10-30
Non-invasive Ventilation and Dexmedetomidine in Critically Ill Adults
CTID: NCT06259565
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2024-10-29
Non-invasive Ventilation and Dex in Critically Ill Adults
CTID: NCT04878510
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-10-28
Perioperative Pain Management for Lumbar Spine Surgery
CTID: NCT06662318
Phase: N/A    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-10-28
Early Sedation with Dexmedetomidine Vs. Placebo in Older Ventilated Critically Ill Patients
CTID: NCT06251375
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2024-10-28
Effect of Intravenous or Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine on Bupivacaine Spinal Block in Lower Abdominal Surgery
CTID: NCT06654531
Phase: Phase 2/Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-10-23
The Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Postoperative Cognitive Function in Open Heart Surgery
CTID: NCT06655025
Phase: N/A    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-10-23
Nerve Block Vs Sedation Infusion for Awake Fiberoptic Intubation.
CTID: NCT06651905
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-10-23
Dexmedetomidine Ropivacaine Versus Plain Ropivacaine in Bilateral Pectoralis Nerve (PECS) Block
CTID: NCT06636578
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-10-15
Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine Vs Epinephrine
CTID: NCT06418308
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-10-15
Effect of Dexmedetomidine Supplementation to General Anaesthesia in Paediatric Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defect
CTID: NCT06631534
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-10-15
Cardioprotective Effect of Dexmedetomidine in Patients With ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
CTID: NCT04912518
Phase: N/A    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-10-15
Intra-Articular Dexmedetomidine: A Treatment for Chronic Knee Pain
CTID: NCT06641206
Phase: N/A    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-10-15
Sphenopalatine Block Vs Dexmedetomidine Infusion in Trans Nasal Endoscopic Pituitary Surgery
CTID: NCT06639659
Phase: N/A    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2024-10-15
Effects of an Opioid Free/Sparing Care Pathway for Patients Undergoing Obesity Surgery
CTID: NCT03756961
Phase: N/A    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-10-15
Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Left Ventricular Function in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Outcome
CTID: NCT05778305
PhaseEarly Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-10-09
The Effect of Dexmedetomidine on the Renal Functions in Septic Critically Ill Patients
CTID: NCT06570187
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-10-09
Dexmedetomidine-Esketamine Combination for Sedation and Analgesia in ICU Patients
CTID: NCT06468436
Phase: N/A    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2024-10-08
Investigation of Sleep in the Intensive Care Unit
CTID: NCT03355053
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-10-08
Dexmedetomidine and Myocardial Protection
CTID: NCT04871308
Phase: N/A    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-10-03
Alpha 2 Agonists for Sedation to Produce Better Outcomes From Critical Illness (A2B Trial)
CTID: NCT03653832
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-10-03
Dexmedetomidine Reduces Sevoflurane MAC-BAR During Pneumoperitoneum
CTID: NCT06575179
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-10-01
Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Agitation in Critically Ill TBI Patients
CTID: NCT06620393
Phase: Phase 2/Phase 3    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2024-10-01
Effect of Different Administration Routes of Dexmedetomidine Combined with Ultrasound-Guided Fascia Iliaca Block on Emergence Agitation After Hip Replacement Surgery
CTID: NCT06614010
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-09-26
Dexamethasone Vs. Dexmedetomidine for ESPB in Pain Management After Pediatric Idiopathic Scoliosis Surgery
CTID: NCT06086431
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-09-26
Pregabalin Versus Dexmedetomidine for Delirium Prevention After Cardiac Surgery
CTID: NCT05640479
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-09-23
Nebulized Dexmedetomidine or Lidocaine for Treatment of Post Dural Puncture Headache in Parturients Undergoing Elective Cesarean Section Under Spinal Anesthesia
CTID: NCT06607861
PhaseEarly Phase 1    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2024-09-23
In Vitro Evaluation of Spontaneous and Oxytocin-induced Contractility of Pregnant Human Myometrium During Exposure to Dexmedetomidine
CTID: NCT05511415
Phase: N/A    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-09-19
Effect of Intraoperative Dexmedetomidine on Early Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction
CTID: NCT03793751
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-09-19
Tranexamic Acid Versus Dexmedetomidine for Improving Surgical Field Quality During Spine Surgeries
CTID: NCT06587620
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-09-19
Dexmedetomidine for Intraoperative Shivering in Scheduled Elective Cesarean Delivery
CTID: NCT04730609
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-09-19
----------------------
Intranasal dexmedetomidine: pilot pharmacokinetics / pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) study in a preterm population undergoing percutaneous central venous catheter placement
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2021-12-10
Impact of post-ARDS COVID sedation on late neuroinflammation
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Trial now transitioned
Date: 2021-08-03
Combined intravenous dexamethasone and dexmedetomidine as adjuncts to popliteal and saphenous nerve blocks in patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery of the foot and ankle. A randomised, blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel clinical trial.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2021-04-21
Opioid-Free Anesthesia in Cardiac Surgery
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2021-03-09
Neurodevelopmental outcome after standard dose sevoflurane versus low-dose sevoflurane/dexmedetomidine/remifentanil anaesthesia in young children
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Trial now transitioned
Date: 2020-04-03
Dexmedetomidine for analgosedation to newborn infants during neonatal
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2020-01-08
Comparison of pain and comfort in patients following cardiac surgery: opioid-morphine managed vs multimodal pain-management.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2019-07-16
Effect of dexmedetomidine vs 0.9% sodium chloride on Nol-Index guided remifentanil analgesia: a double-blinded bicenter randomized controlled trial
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2019-02-18
Alpha 2 agonists for sedation to produce better outcomes from critical illness (A2B Trial): A randomised, parallel-group, allocation concealed, controlled, open, phase 3 pragmatic clinical and cost- effectiveness trial with internal pilot
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: GB - no longer in EU/EEA
Date: 2018-12-10
Feasibility and pharmacodynamics of subcutaneously given combination of dexmedetomidine and ketamine infusion in ALS patients receiving palliative care
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2018-05-09
Effects of an Opiod Sparing Care Pathway for Patients undergoing Obesity Surgery
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Trial now transitioned
Date: 2018-02-19
‘Immune protective anesthesia during endoscopic colon surgery to improve long-term survival’
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2017-10-03
Pharmacodynamic interactions between remifentanil and dexmedetomidine (PIRAD)
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2017-05-01
Efficacy of single dose intranasal dexmedetomidine for conscious sedation in dental practice in dentophobic uncooperative patients with intellectual disability.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2016-11-24
Intranasal dexmedetomidine sedation during intra-articular joint injections in pediatric population
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-11-07
Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of intranasal dexmedetomidine in children
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-10-28
Effects of different concentrations of dexmedetomidine on basal ganglia neuronal activity (local field potentials) in Parkinson's disease.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-10-20
Dexmedetomidine infusion in pain management during low back surgery
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2016-09-01
Pharmacokinetics of subcutaneously given dexmedetomidine in healthy volunteers
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-01-26
Safety, tolerability and sedative properties of single dose intranasal dexmedetomidine premedication in elderly subjects.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2016-01-08
Comparison of efficacy between dexmedetomidine (DEX) and nicardipine (NIC) in adult facial surgery
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2015-12-23
The Neural Mechanisms of Anesthesia and Human Consciousness (Part 6)
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2015-12-15
Open randomized clinical trial to compare the efficacy of hypotensive anesthesia with clonidine or dexmedetomidine during endoscopic nasal surgery
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2015-10-02
Dexmedetomidine versus propofol in awake implantation of a neuromodulative system.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2015-09-17
DEXMEDETOMIDINA VERSUS PROPOFOL FOR SEDATION DURING ECOBRONCHOSCOPY
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2015-06-05
Does perineural dexmedetomidine prolong the duration of an adductor canal block
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2015-04-23
Dexmedetomidine for saphenous nerve blockade in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament replacement: a randomized, placebo-controlled, triple blinded study
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2014-12-05
Az optimális premedikációs stratégia kidolgozása fogyatékkal élő betegek altatásos fogászati beavatkozásaihoz;orális midazolam, valamint két különböző dózisú intranasalis dexmedetomidine hatásainak összehasonlítása
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2014-11-19
'Sedation Practices in Intensive Care Evaluation: SPICE III – A Prospective Multicentre Randomised Controlled Trial of Early Goal Direct Sedation vs. Standard Care Sedation”
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2014-11-06
Conscious sedation for procedures in Dental and Minor Maxillofacial Surgery Unit: optimization of the dexmedetomidine dose (Dexdor®).
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2014-10-24
Dexmedetomidine in awake implantation of neuromodulative systems.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2014-07-31
Effect of dexmedetomidine on monitoring of motor evoked potentials in patients undergoing supratentorial craniotomy or brainstem surgery
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2014-07-10
Effect of dexmedetomidine vs propofol on basal ganglia activity (local field potentials) recorded through implanted stimulators
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2014-06-26
Neuroprotection with Dexmedetomidine in patients undergoing elective cardiac or abdominal surgery
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2013-12-23
DEXMEDETOMIDINE FOR PERIPHERAL NERVE BLOCKADE: A DOSE-FINDING STUDY IN VOLUNTEERS
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2013-10-23
The Neural Mechanisms of Anesthesia and Human Consciousness
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2013-06-18
The effect of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to local anaesthetics for ilioinguinal blocks in paediatric patients
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2013-05-17
Postoperatiivisen deksmedetomidiinisedaation vaikutukset hemodynamiikkaan ekstubaation yhteydessä
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2013-05-17
Acute ventilatory response to hypoxia during sedation with dexmedetomidine compared to propofol in healthy volunteers.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2013-05-02
Development of a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model of dexmedetomidine, and the effect of repeated auditory stimulation on pharmacodynamics of dexmedetomidine
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2013-03-05
The effects of dexmedetomidine on cerebral autoregulation and cerebral oxygenation in subarachnoid haemorrhage patients.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2012-05-16
Comparative evaluation of the effects of dexmedetomidine and propofol on patient/ventilator interaction in difficult-to-wean mechanically ventilated patients; a prospective, open, randomised, multicentre study.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2012-04-03
The effect and safety of dexmedetomidine as an additive to ropivacaine for interscalene brachial plexus blocks for shoulder surgery
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2011-10-12
Dexmedetomidine pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2011-02-14
Dexmedetomidine pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2010-01-06
A prospective, multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of intravenous dexmedetomidine with haloperidol in treatment of hyperactive delirium after heart surgery.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2009-11-30
The effect of dexmedetomidine on reactivity of a propofol-anaesthetized patient
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2009-10-09
Evaluation de l’effet anesthésique de la dexmédétomidine dans une population d’opérés recevant une anesthésie totale intraveineuse en « boucle » guidée par l’index bispectral (Etude monocentrique, prospective, randomisée)
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2009-02-13
Effects of the combination ketamine-dexmedetomidine in experimental pain.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2008-03-31
A PROSPECTIVE, MULTI-CENTRE, RANDOMISED, DOUBLE-BLIND COMPARISON OF INTRAVENOUS DEXMEDETOMIDINE WITH PROPOFOL FOR CONTINUOUS SEDATION OF VENTILATED PATIENTS IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2007-04-24
A PROSPECTIVE, MULTI-CENTRE, RANDOMISED, DOUBLE-BLIND COMPARISON OF INTRAVENOUS DEXMEDETOMIDINE WITH MIDAZOLAM FOR CONTINUOUS SEDATION OF VENTILATED PATIENTS IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2007-04-24
A Prospective, Multi-Centre, Randomised, Double-Blind Comparison of intravenous Dexmedetomidine with Propofol/Midazolam for continous sedation (24 hours to 14 days) of ventilated Patients in Intensive Care Unit
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2005-08-24
Comparison of recovery time after intravenous sedation using dexmedetomidine in combination with propofol or midazolam
CTID: UMIN000039668
Phase:    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2020-03-04
Examination of airway management method in intravenous anesthesia using Nasal High Flow load device AIRVO
CTID: UMIN000038126
Phase:    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2019-10-09
Development of a new sleep apnea diagnostic method using intravenous sedation
CTID: UMIN000038127
Phase:    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2019-10-01
Management of intravenous sedation for the elderly patients with progressed dementia during dental treatment- a comparison between midazolam and dexmedetomidine
CTID: UMIN000036530
PhaseNot applicable    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2019-04-16
Analgesia for total knee arthroplasty:comparing single shot adductor canal block with dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant and continuous femoral nerve block
CTID: UMIN000036466
Phase:    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2019-04-10
The usefulness of infusion of fentanyl for intravenous sedation of dexmedetomidine and midazolam
CTID: UMIN000034929
Phase:    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2018-11-20
The efficasy of dexmedetomidine in preoperaive sleep
CTID: UMIN000032302
Phase:    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2018-04-20
The Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Preventing Delirium in Elderly Patients with Different Anesthetic Techniques
CTID: UMIN000028566
Phase:    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2018-01-30
Evaluation of the effect of dexmedetomidine on the incidence of delirium in patients after cardiovascular surgery: A randomized placebo-controlled trial
CTID: UMIN000030920
Phase:    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2018-01-23
Dexmedetomidine and contrast induced nephropathy in patients undergoing coronary angiography using non-ionic contrast media.
CTID: UMIN000030258
Phase:    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2017-12-04
Effect of dexmedetomidine on platelet aggregation in whole blood
CTID: UMIN000030233
Phase:    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2017-12-03
Prospective randomized comparison of effect of dexmedetomidine and remifentanil on intubation, intraoperative hemodynamics and revocery during general anesthesia for laryngeal microsurgery
CTID: UMIN000030217
PhaseNot applicable    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2017-12-01
Change of cerebral regional oxygen saturation using near-infrared spectroscopy at spinal anesthesia and at dexmedetomidine or propofol administration
CTID: UMIN000026225
PhaseNot applicable    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2017-02-20
Effect of dexmedetomidine on the local anesthetic action
CTID: UMIN000025928
Phase:    Status: Complete: follow-up continuing
Date: 2017-02-01
Examination of the effect of dexmedetomidine on reperfusion injury due to isolated pulmonary ventilation
CTID: UMIN000025051
PhaseNot applicable    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2016-11-29
A comparison of propofol vs. dexmedetomidine for sedation and contribution to perioperative analgesia for lumbar plexus block
CTID: UMIN000023218
Phase:    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2016-08-18
Usefulness of dexmedetomidine for endoscopic submucosal dissection in colon
CTID: UMIN000021769
Phase:    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2016-04-07
the evaluation of the appropriate dose of dexmedetomidine under Sedline which is the new monitoring for the degree of sedation
CTID: UMIN000021688
Phase:    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2016-03-31
A prospective comparative study of the sedation between a combination of propofol and dexmedetomidine hydrochloride and propofol alone in esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection.
CTID: UMIN000021487
Phase:    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2016-03-20
Elderly patient outcomes associated with on-demand trunk blocks in the intensive care unit following emergency laparotomy
CTID: UMIN000021038
Phase:    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2016-02-15
Intranasal Premedication with Dexmedetomidine and midazolam in ophthalmic surgery for pediatrics, are they really equally effective?
CTID: UMIN000020446
Phase:    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2016-02-01
Establishment of appropriate termination method of dexmedetomidine in pediatric patients
CTID: UMIN000020387
Phase:    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2016-01-01
Low dose dexmedetomidine inhibit post operative nausea and vomitting and shivering post brain tumor resection. Double Blind Randomized Control Trial
CTID: UMIN000019139
PhaseNot applicable    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2015-10-01
The Effects of dexmedetomidine added to Levobupivacaine for rectus sheath block.
CTID: UMIN000018025
Phase:    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2015-06-22
Evaluation of the antiarrythmic effect of dexmedetomidine
CTID: UMIN000016717
Phase:    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2015-03-05
Effects of dexmedetomidine on preventing sleep disturbance and delirium during high flow oxygen therapy in patients with acute respiratory failure.
CTID: UMIN000015650
PhaseNot applicable    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2015-02-01
The Respiratory effects of Dexmedetomidine Versus Propofol for sedation during Spinal Anesthesia
CTID: UMIN000014002
Phase:    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2015-02-01
Effect of dexmedetomidine on the local anesthetic action
CTID: UMIN000016224
Phase:    Status: Complete: follow-up continuing
Date: 2015-01-15
Antitussive effect of dexmedetomidine during surgery under spinal anesthesia
CTID: UMIN000014576
PhaseNot applicable    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2014-07-17
Effect of dexmedetomidine infusion on the intraocular pressure during Robotic Radical Prostatectomy
CTID: UMIN000014432
Phase:    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2014-06-30
Investigation of dexmedetomidine concentration in breast milk during postpartum period
CTID: UMIN000014262
PhaseNot applicable    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2014-06-13
Examination of sedative effects of dexmedetomidine during chronic subdural hematoma surgery under local anesthesia: prospective randomized control trial
CTID: UMIN000013904
Phase:    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2014-05-09
Evaluation of the intravenous anesthesia using propofol plus dexmedetomidine in endoscopic submucosal dissection
CTID: UMIN000013739
Phase:    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2014-05-09
Randomized, Controlled, Trial;Effect of dexmedetomidine for inguinal hernia repair with local anesthesia
CTID: UMIN000013468
Phase:    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2014-03-25
Comparison of dexmedetomidine and propofol for conscious sedation in dental surgery
CTID: UMIN000013448
Phase: Phase IV    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2014-03-19
The effects of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl on emergence agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy
CTID: UMIN000013394
PhaseNot applicable    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2014-03-11
Effects of dexmedetomidine on hemodynamic changes during spinal a e.querySelector("font strong").innerText = 'View More' } else if(up_display === 'none' || up_display === '

Biological Data
  • Dexmedetomidine
    Immunofluorescence staining of phosphorylated ERK1/2 in astrocyte cultures.Br J Pharmacol. 2008 May; 154(1): 191–203.

  • Dexmedetomidine
    Src kinase is involved in dexmedetomidine-induced, but not EGF-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation in astrocytes.Br J Pharmacol. 2008 May; 154(1): 191–203.


  • Dexmedetomidine
    Dexmedetomidine-induced protein expression of cFos and FosB requires EGF receptor and ERK action in astrocytes.Br J Pharmacol. 2008 May; 154(1): 191–203.
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