| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 100mg | |||
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| Targets |
The primary target of demecycline is the bacterial ribosome, specifically the 30S ribosomal subunit. Tetracyclines, including demecycline, bind to the 16S rRNA of the 30S ribosomal subunit, blocking the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the acceptor (A) site on the ribosome-mRNA complex. This prevents the addition of new amino acids to the growing peptide chain, effectively inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. By inhibiting protein synthesis, demecycline exerts bacteriostatic activity, stopping bacterial growth and allowing the host immune system to clear the infection. The compound's mechanism of action is shared among tetracycline antibiotics, and its C6-demethylated structure may confer slightly different pharmacokinetic or antibacterial properties compared to tetracycline.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, demecycline demonstrates broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is effective against bacterial infections including pneumonia and other respiratory tract infections. The compound's antibacterial activity is typically assessed using standard broth microdilution assays to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against a panel of bacterial strains. Demecycline's activity against tetracycline-resistant strains may vary depending on the resistance mechanism, as some resistance mechanisms such as efflux pumps or ribosomal protection proteins may affect its efficacy. The compound's in vitro activity is similar to other tetracyclines, and its C6-demethylated structure may influence its antibacterial spectrum and potency.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, demecycline has been used to treat bacterial infections, including pneumonia and other respiratory tract infections. The compound has also been used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, where its anti-inflammatory properties may contribute to therapeutic efficacy in addition to its antibacterial effects. As a tetracycline antibiotic, demecycline is typically administered orally or intravenously, depending on the severity of the infection. Its ability to distribute to various tissues, including the respiratory tract and joints, makes it effective for these indications. The compound's in vivo efficacy has been demonstrated in clinical and preclinical studies, although it is not as widely used as other tetracyclines in current clinical practice.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro antibacterial susceptibility testing for demecycline follows standard protocols established by clinical microbiology laboratories. The broth microdilution method is commonly used, where bacterial cultures are grown in 96-well plates containing serial dilutions of the antibiotic. After incubation at 37°C for 16-24 hours, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is determined as the lowest concentration of the antibiotic that inhibits visible bacterial growth. The compound's activity can also be assessed using disk diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) methods, where antibiotic-impregnated disks are placed on agar plates inoculated with bacteria, and the zone of inhibition is measured. These assays are standard for characterizing the antibacterial activity of demecycline and other antibiotics.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for demecycline are not typically performed, as the compound's mechanism of action is direct antibacterial activity rather than effects on eukaryotic cells. However, cytotoxicity assays using mammalian cell lines can be conducted to assess the compound's safety profile and potential for off-target effects. These assays involve treating cells with varying concentrations of demecycline and measuring cell viability using standard assays such as MTT or LDH release. Additionally, the compound's anti-inflammatory properties can be assessed in cell-based models of inflammation, such as measuring cytokine production in stimulated immune cells. These assays provide additional data on the compound's biological activity beyond its antibacterial effects.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for demecycline are conducted to evaluate its antibacterial efficacy and pharmacokinetic properties. Standard efficacy studies involve infecting animals (typically mice or rats) with a bacterial pathogen and then treating them with demecycline via oral or parenteral administration. Endpoints include survival, bacterial load in target tissues (such as lungs for pneumonia models), and clinical signs of infection. Pharmacokinetic studies assess the compound's absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in animal models. These studies are essential for determining appropriate dosing regimens and for understanding the compound's behavior in vivo. The compound's efficacy in animal models of infection supports its clinical use.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Demecycline has a molecular weight of 430.41 and a chemical formula of C₂₁H₂₂N₂O₈. As a tetracycline antibiotic, it is typically administered orally or intravenously. The compound is well-absorbed after oral administration and distributes widely to various tissues and body fluids, including the respiratory tract, where it is effective for treating pneumonia. Demecycline is bound to plasma proteins and is excreted primarily in urine and bile. Its half-life is similar to other tetracyclines, and it accumulates in bones and teeth, which is a consideration for use in children and pregnant women. The compound's C6-demethylated structure may influence its lipophilicity and tissue distribution compared to tetracycline.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Demecycline is generally well-tolerated, with a safety profile similar to other tetracycline antibiotics. Common side effects include gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. As with other tetracyclines, demecycline can cause photosensitivity, and patients should avoid prolonged sun exposure. The compound can also cause discoloration of teeth and inhibit bone growth in children, limiting its use in pediatric patients. Hypersensitivity reactions, including rash and anaphylaxis, are rare but possible. The compound should be used with caution in patients with renal or hepatic impairment. Demecycline is classified as a pregnancy category D drug due to its effects on fetal bone and tooth development.
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| Additional Infomation |
6-Demethyltetracycline belongs to the tetracycline class of antibiotics.
Demecycline (CAS# 987-02-0) is a tetracycline antibiotic and the C6-demethylated derivative of tetracycline. It has a molecular weight of 430.41. The compound inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit. Demecycline is effective against bacterial infections including pneumonia and other respiratory tract infections. It has also been used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as arthritis. The compound is not as widely used as other tetracyclines in current clinical practice. It has not received FDA approval for any indication and is primarily a research-grade compound. |
| Molecular Formula |
C21H22N2O8
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| Molecular Weight |
430.40798
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| Exact Mass |
430.138
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| CAS # |
987-02-0
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| PubChem CID |
54682469
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| Appearance |
Light brown to brown solid powder
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| Density |
1.69g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
693.5ºC at 760mmHg
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| Flash Point |
373.2ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.757
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| LogP |
0.761
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
6
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
9
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
31
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| Complexity |
924
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
5
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| SMILES |
CN(C)[C@H]1[C@@H]2C[C@@H]3[C@@H](c4cccc(c4C(=O)C3=C([C@@]2(C(=O)C(=C1O)C(=O)N)O)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
RMVMLZHPWMTQGK-SOUFLCLCSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C21H22N2O8/c1-23(2)14-9-6-8-12(16(26)11-7(15(8)25)4-3-5-10(11)24)18(28)21(9,31)19(29)13(17(14)27)20(22)30/h3-5,8-9,14-15,24-26,29,31H,6H2,1-2H3,(H2,22,30)/t8-,9-,14-,15+,21-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(4S,4aS,5aS,6S,12aR)-4-(dimethylamino)-1,6,10,11,12a-pentahydroxy-3,12-dioxo-4a,5,5a,6-tetrahydro-4H-tetracene-2-carboxamide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.3234 mL | 11.6168 mL | 23.2337 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4647 mL | 2.3234 mL | 4.6467 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2323 mL | 1.1617 mL | 2.3234 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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