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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Targets |
Topoisomerase
Decarboxy Moxifloxacin targets bacterial topoisomerases, specifically DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV, which are essential enzymes for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. As a decarboxylated analog of Moxifloxacin, it retains the fluoroquinolone core structure that enables binding to these enzyme targets. Fluoroquinolones exert their antibacterial effects by stabilizing the enzyme-DNA cleavage complex, leading to double-strand DNA breaks and bacterial cell death. The decarboxylation at the C-3 position removes the carboxylic acid group that is critical for chelating metal ions in the enzyme active site, which may significantly alter its target binding affinity and antibacterial potency compared to the parent compound. |
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Decarboxy Moxifloxacin serves primarily as a reference standard for analytical method development and impurity profiling rather than as an active pharmacological agent. The parent compound Moxifloxacin demonstrates potent in vitro antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, and atypical respiratory pathogens. Decarboxy Moxifloxacin is expected to show significantly reduced antibacterial activity due to the loss of the critical carboxylic acid moiety at C-3, which is essential for binding to the bacterial topoisomerase-DNA complex. Its primary utility lies in quality control applications for the detection and quantification of this degradation impurity in Moxifloxacin drug substance and finished products.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Decarboxy Moxifloxacin is not intended for therapeutic use and has no reported pharmacological activity in animal models. As a degradation product and impurity of Moxifloxacin, its presence in pharmaceutical formulations is monitored and controlled to ensure product quality and patient safety. Moxifloxacin, the parent drug, is well-characterized in vivo with excellent oral bioavailability, extensive tissue distribution, and a long half-life permitting once-daily dosing. It is effective in treating respiratory tract infections, skin infections, and intra-abdominal infections. Decarboxy Moxifloxacin's in vivo behavior is primarily relevant to pharmacokinetic studies of Moxifloxacin metabolism and stability, where it may be detected as a minor metabolite or degradation product formed under physiological conditions.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding (non-cellular) assays for Decarboxy Moxifloxacin are not typically performed as the compound is used as an analytical reference standard rather than an active pharmaceutical agent. However, when such assays are conducted, they generally involve topoisomerase supercoiling or DNA cleavage assays using purified bacterial DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV enzymes. These assays measure the compound's ability to inhibit enzyme-mediated DNA supercoiling or relaxation, typically using plasmid DNA as substrate and detecting changes in DNA topology by agarose gel electrophoresis. The IC₅₀ values are calculated from concentration-response curves. For Decarboxy Moxifloxacin, such assays would be expected to demonstrate significantly reduced potency compared to Moxifloxacin due to the缺失 of the critical C-3 carboxylate group.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular experiments with Decarboxy Moxifloxacin are not standard as the compound functions as an analytical impurity reference. However, antibacterial susceptibility testing could be performed using standard broth microdilution methods according to CLSI or EUCAST guidelines. Bacterial strains such as S. aureus ATCC 29213, E. coli ATCC 25922, and S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 are cultured in appropriate media (Mueller-Hinton broth or cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth with lysed horse blood for fastidious organisms). Cells are treated with serial two-fold dilutions of the compound and incubated at 35°C for 16-20 hours. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is determined as the lowest concentration that inhibits visible bacterial growth. Decarboxy Moxifloxacin would be expected to show substantially higher MIC values than Moxifloxacin due to the structural modification.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies with Decarboxy Moxifloxacin are not conducted for pharmacological purposes as the compound serves as an impurity reference standard. For the parent compound Moxifloxacin, in vivo efficacy studies are typically performed in murine models of bacterial infection, including pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infection, and systemic infection models. Mice are inoculated with bacterial pathogens via intranasal, subcutaneous, or intravenous routes, and treatment is administered orally or intravenously at various doses. Efficacy is assessed by survival rates, bacterial burden in target organs (lung, spleen, blood), and histopathological examination of infected tissues. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) studies correlate plasma drug concentrations with antibacterial efficacy to establish optimal dosing regimens.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Comprehensive pharmacokinetic data for Decarboxy Moxifloxacin are not established as the compound is a degradation impurity rather than a therapeutic agent. The parent compound Moxifloxacin is well-characterized with excellent oral bioavailability (~90%), extensive tissue distribution, plasma protein binding of approximately 50%, and a terminal elimination half-life of 11-15 hours in humans. Moxifloxacin is metabolized primarily by glucuronidation and sulfate conjugation, with minor cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism, and is eliminated via both renal and biliary routes. Decarboxy Moxifloxacin, as a structurally modified analog lacking the C-3 carboxyl group, would be expected to have altered physicochemical properties including reduced aqueous solubility and potentially different absorption and distribution characteristics. Storage conditions: powder at -20°C for up to 3 years; in solvent at -80°C for 6 months.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological information for Decarboxy Moxifloxacin is not extensively reported as the compound serves as an analytical reference standard rather than a therapeutic agent. As a fluoroquinolone-related impurity, it is generally regarded as a process-related substance that should be controlled in pharmaceutical products to ensure patient safety. The parent compound Moxifloxacin is associated with class-specific adverse effects including gastrointestinal disturbances, central nervous system effects (dizziness, headache), QT interval prolongation, and tendinopathy. Standard safety precautions for handling potent pharmaceutical impurities apply, including use of appropriate personal protective equipment (gloves, safety goggles, lab coat), working in a well-ventilated area, and proper chemical waste disposal. The compound should be stored at 4°C, protected from light.
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| Additional Infomation |
Decarboxy Moxifloxacin (CAS 1322062-57-6) is a principal process-related impurity and acid degradation product of the fluoroquinolone antibiotic Moxifloxacin, formed via thermal or acidic decarboxylation. The compound has molecular formula C₂₀H₂₄FN₃O₂, molecular weight 357.42, and appears as a light yellow to light brown solid. It is also known as 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-8-methoxy-7-((4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo(3,4-b)pyridin-6-yl)-4(1H)-quinolinone. Purity is typically ≥98%. The compound is soluble in DMSO at 10 mg/mL. Decarboxy Moxifloxacin is exclusively for research use as an analytical standard or impurity reference in pharmaceutical quality control and is not approved for clinical use in humans. It serves as a valuable tool for method development, validation, and stability studies of Moxifloxacin-containing pharmaceutical products.
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| Molecular Formula |
C20H24FN3O2
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| Molecular Weight |
357.42186832428
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| Exact Mass |
357.185
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| CAS # |
1322062-57-6
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| PubChem CID |
56673587
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to light brown solid at room temperature
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| Density |
1.300±0.06 g/cm3 at 20 °C, 760 Torr
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| Boiling Point |
561.3±50.0 °C at 760 Torr
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| Flash Point |
293.3±30.1 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
1.25E-12 Torr at 25 °C
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| LogP |
2.6
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
26
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| Complexity |
596
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
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| SMILES |
FC1=CC2C(C=CN(C=2C(=C1N1C[C@H]2[C@@H](CCCN2)C1)OC)C1CC1)=O
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| InChi Key |
OULQTEYVKYNDBD-BLLLJJGKSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C20H24FN3O2/c1-26-20-18-14(17(25)6-8-24(18)13-4-5-13)9-15(21)19(20)23-10-12-3-2-7-22-16(12)11-23/h6,8-9,12-13,16,22H,2-5,7,10-11H2,1H3/t12-,16+/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
7-[(4aS,7aS)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,7,7a-octahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-8-methoxyquinolin-4-one
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| Synonyms |
Decarboxy Moxifloxacin; 1322062-57-6; 689HB56KKU; 7-[(4aS,7aS)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,7,7a-octahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-8-methoxyquinolin-4-one; 1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-8-methoxy-7-((4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo(3,4-b)pyridin-6-yl)-4(1H)-quinolinone; 4(1H)-Quinolinone, 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-8-methoxy-7-((4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo(3,4-b)pyridin-6-yl)-; 1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-8-methoxy-7-[(4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]-4(1H)-quinolinone; Decarboxy Moxifloxacin; UNII-689HB56KKU;
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.7978 mL | 13.9891 mL | 27.9783 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5596 mL | 2.7978 mL | 5.5957 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2798 mL | 1.3989 mL | 2.7978 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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