Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Piflufolastat F18 is eliminated via urinary excretion - within 8 hours of intravenous administration, approximately 50% of an administered dose is excreted in the urine.
Piflufolastat F 18 distributes to the kidneys (16.5% of administered activity), liver (9.3%), and lung (2.9%), within 60 minutes of intravenous administration.

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Biological Half-Life
The half-life of distribution of piflufolastat F18 is 0.17 ± 0.044 hours and its elimination half-life is 3.47 ± 0.49 hours.

Prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous malignancy affecting men in North America - despite this, an ongoing challenge in prostate cancer therapy is the difficulty in imaging the extent and location of tumor metastases and recurrences. The images generated by positron emission tomography (PET) are less detailed than those obtained via MRI or CT, but are more sensitive and can reveal cancerous tissue in any area of the body provided the tissue is expressing the appropriate target protein. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed in many tissues that plays a role in folate uptake and neurotransmitter release - it is expressed in the prostate at levels roughly 1000-fold greater than elsewhere in the body, and even higher in prostate cancer tissue. As such, it has become a desirable target for PET imaging of prostate cancer tissues. Piflufolastat F18, also called [F-18]-DCFPyL, is a urea-based radiopharmaceutical that binds to PSMA and allows for the visualization of cancerous prostate tissue. It was first approved by the FDA in May 2021 under the brand name Pylarify and aims to allow for earlier and more accurate detection of suspected prostate cancer metastases or recurrences. On July 28, 2023, the EMA also approves Piflufolastat F18 under the brand name PYLCLARI for primary staging or localizing recurrence of prostate cancer.
Piflufolastat f-18 is a Radioactive Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of piflufolastat f-18 is as a Positron Emitting Activity.
Fluorine F 18 Piflufolastat is a urea-based radiotracer composed of the prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeting agent DCFPyL and labeled with the positron-emitting isotope, fluorine F 18, that can potentially be used for positron emitting tomography (PET) imaging. Upon administration of fluorine F piflufolastat, piflufolastat binds to PSMA expressed on tumor cells. The fluorine F 18 moiety facilitates PET imaging of PSMA-expressing tumor cells. PSMA, a cell-surface antigen, is abundantly present on the surface of prostate cancer cells and on the neovasculature of most solid tumors.

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Drug Indication
Piflufolastat F18 is indicated for positron emission tomography (PET) of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positive lesions in men with prostate cancer who have suspected metastases and are candidates for initial definitive therapy and for men with a suspected recurrence of prostate cancer based on elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels by the FDA. It is approved by the EMA for the primary staging of patients with high-risk prostate cancer prior to initial curative therapy and for localizing recurrence of prostate cancer in patients with a suspected recurrence based on increasing serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels after primary treatment with curative intent.
This medicinal product is for diagnostic use only. Pylclari is indicated for the detection of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positive lesions with positron emission tomography (PET) in adults with prostate cancer (PCa) in the following clinical settings: Primary staging of patients with high-risk PCa prior to initial curative therapy,To localize recurrence of PCa in patients with a suspected recurrence based on increasing serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels after primary treatment with curative intent. Pylclari is indicated for use with positron emission tomography (PET).

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Mechanism of Action
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that plays a role in dietary folate uptake and the release of neurotransmitters within the brain. While PSMA is expressed in many tissues, its expression levels in the prostate are roughly 1000-fold greater than elsewhere in the body and even higher in prostate cancer tissue. Piflufolastat F18 binds to PSMA and therefore, in combination with PET imaging, allows for the visualization of PSMA-positive lesions associated with prostate cancer.

C18H2318FN4O8

441.4

441.153

1207181-29-0

1207181-29-0 (F18);1423758-00-2 (F-19);

52950901

Typically exists as solid at room temperature

1.361

6

10

13

31

663

2

C1=CC(=NC=C1C(=O)NCCCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)[18F]

OLWVRJUNLXQDSP-MVBOSPHXSA-N

InChI=1S/C18H23FN4O8/c19-13-6-4-10(9-21-13)15(26)20-8-2-1-3-11(16(27)28)22-18(31)23-12(17(29)30)5-7-14(24)25/h4,6,9,11-12H,1-3,5,7-8H2,(H,20,26)(H,24,25)(H,27,28)(H,29,30)(H2,22,23,31)/t11-,12-/m0/s1/i19-1

(2S)-2-[[(1S)-1-carboxy-5-[(6-(18F)fluoranylpyridine-3-carbonyl)amino]pentyl]carbamoylamino]pentanedioic acid

18F-DCFPyL; Dcfpyl F-18; Pylarify; piflufolastat F-18

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

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Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

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Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders

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Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)