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DAC-2-25

Alias: DAC225; DAC 2 25; DAC-2-25
Cat No.:V19103 Purity: ≥98%
DAC-2-25 is a molecule that causes a homomorphic transformation of the body column into the tentacle region.
DAC-2-25
DAC-2-25 Chemical Structure CAS No.: 1675245-09-6
Product category: New1
This product is for research use only, not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Size Price Stock Qty
5mg
Other Sizes
Official Supplier of:
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Product Description
DAC-2-25 is a molecule that causes a homomorphic transformation of the body column into the tentacle region.
Biological Activity I Assay Protocols (From Reference)
ln Vitro
Additional tentacles are produced at the oral terminus of H by DAC-2-25 (5 μM). polyp regeneration in vulgaris [1]. Ectopic vibrissae are formed after prolonged exposure to DAC-2-25 (5 μM; 3 weeks), and they move toward the distal end of the polyp [1]. Ectodermal epithelial cells are inhibited by DAC-2-25 in a cell-autonomous manner [1]. Tentacle zones are created from body columns by DAC-2-25 (5 μM; 27 days) [1].
References

[1]. A small molecule screen identifies a novel compound that induces a homeotic transformation in Hydra. Development. 2013 Dec;140(23):4788-96.

These protocols are for reference only. InvivoChem does not independently validate these methods.
Physicochemical Properties
Molecular Formula
C14H16N2O
Molecular Weight
228.2896
Exact Mass
228.126
CAS #
1675245-09-6
PubChem CID
76849259
Appearance
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
LogP
1.9
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
2
Rotatable Bond Count
2
Heavy Atom Count
17
Complexity
360
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
InChi Key
LDASRACNPJVHBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C14H16N2O/c1-10-8-13(15-14(17)9-10)11-4-6-12(7-5-11)16(2)3/h4-9H,1-3H3,(H,15,17)
Chemical Name
6-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-4-methyl-1H-pyridin-2-one
Synonyms
DAC225; DAC 2 25; DAC-2-25
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
Storage

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Shipping Condition
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
Solubility Data
Solubility (In Vitro)
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
Solubility (In Vivo)
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

Injection Formulations
(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC)
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80: Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution 50 μL Tween 80 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO 400 μLPEG300 50 μL Tween 80 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).
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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C,1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO 100 μLPEG300 200 μL castor oil 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10: 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol 100 μL Cremophor 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH 400 μLPEG300 50 μL Tween 80 450 μL Saline)


Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).
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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders


Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)
Preparing Stock Solutions 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 4.3804 mL 21.9020 mL 43.8039 mL
5 mM 0.8761 mL 4.3804 mL 8.7608 mL
10 mM 0.4380 mL 2.1902 mL 4.3804 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.

Calculator

Molarity Calculator allows you to calculate the mass, volume, and/or concentration required for a solution, as detailed below:

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An example of molarity calculation using the molarity calculator is shown below:
What is the mass of compound required to make a 10 mM stock solution in 5 ml of DMSO given that the molecular weight of the compound is 350.26 g/mol?
  • Enter 350.26 in the Molecular Weight (MW) box
  • Enter 10 in the Concentration box and choose the correct unit (mM)
  • Enter 5 in the Volume box and choose the correct unit (mL)
  • Click the “Calculate” button
  • The answer of 17.513 mg appears in the Mass box. In a similar way, you may calculate the volume and concentration.

Dilution Calculator allows you to calculate how to dilute a stock solution of known concentrations. For example, you may Enter C1, C2 & V2 to calculate V1, as detailed below:

What volume of a given 10 mM stock solution is required to make 25 ml of a 25 μM solution?
Using the equation C1V1 = C2V2, where C1=10 mM, C2=25 μM, V2=25 ml and V1 is the unknown:
  • Enter 10 into the Concentration (Start) box and choose the correct unit (mM)
  • Enter 25 into the Concentration (End) box and select the correct unit (mM)
  • Enter 25 into the Volume (End) box and choose the correct unit (mL)
  • Click the “Calculate” button
  • The answer of 62.5 μL (0.1 ml) appears in the Volume (Start) box
g/mol

Molecular Weight Calculator allows you to calculate the molar mass and elemental composition of a compound, as detailed below:

Note: Chemical formula is case sensitive: C12H18N3O4  c12h18n3o4
Instructions to calculate molar mass (molecular weight) of a chemical compound:
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Definitions of molecular mass, molecular weight, molar mass and molar weight:
  • Molecular mass (or molecular weight) is the mass of one molecule of a substance and is expressed in the unified atomic mass units (u). (1 u is equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12)
  • Molar mass (molar weight) is the mass of one mole of a substance and is expressed in g/mol.
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Reconstitution Calculator allows you to calculate the volume of solvent required to reconstitute your vial.

  • Enter the mass of the reagent and the desired reconstitution concentration as well as the correct units
  • Click the “Calculate” button
  • The answer appears in the Volume (to add to vial) box
In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal to make allowance for loss during the experiment)
Step 2: Enter in vivo formulation (This is only a calculator, not the exact formulation for a specific product. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation in the solubility section.)
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Calculation results

Working concentration mg/mL;

Method for preparing DMSO stock solution mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation:Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.

(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
             (2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.

Biological Data
  • Regeneration in the presence of DAC-2-25 induces extra tentacles. (A) The structure of DAC-2-25. (B) Animals of the AEP strain of H. vulgaris were allowed to regenerate in HM only or in the presence of HM containing 5 μM DAC-2-25. (C) The mean number of tentacles regenerated by control animals (blue) and animals treated with 5 μM DAC-2-25 (green). These data are from three independent experiments in which a total of 60 animals underwent head regeneration in the presence (30 animals) or absence (30 animals) of DAC-2-25. Error bars indicate s.d.[1].Development. 2013 Dec;140(23):4788-96.
  • Chronic exposure to DAC-2-25 leads to ectopic tentacle formation that spreads towards the aboral end of the polyp. Hydra morphology before (A) and after (E) 3 weeks of exposure to 5 μM DAC-2-25; all pictures are of the same animal. Seven tentacles can be seen on the untreated animal (A). After 9 days of exposure the animal has produced two ectopic tentacles (B). After 13 days of exposure (C) and 16 days of exposure (D), the animal has an increased number of tentacles. After 21 days of exposure (E) the animal is covered in tentacles. This animal was then removed from DAC-2-25 and placed in HM. Tentacles were gradually lost, as seen after 8 days (F) and 12 days (G). Buds formed normally in the recovering animal (H) and had normal morphology upon detachment from the parent (J). After 54 days (I), the animal had re-established its original axial pattern. (K) Hydra morphology after 3 weeks of exposure to 50 nM ALP.[1].Development. 2013 Dec;140(23):4788-96.
  • DAC-2-25 targets ectodermal epithelial cells in a cell-autonomous manner. (A) A schematic representation of the method used to produce chimeric Hydra (see Materials and methods for more details). (B) The chimera described in A was exposed to DAC-2-25 and ectopic tentacles arose in a manner similar to that seen in AEP animals. (C) A chimera with Zürich ectoderm and AEP endoderm did not respond to DAC-2-25. (D,E) Ectopic tentacles did not form in an animal with AEP i-cells and Zürich epithelial layers. (F,G) Mosaic Hydra were produced when chimeras (shown in D,E) budded. These mosaics were exposed to DAC-2-25 and ectopic tentacles were seen only in epithelial tissue derived from the AEP donor.[1].Development. 2013 Dec;140(23):4788-96.
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