| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Target: Tyrosinase (inhibitor) / Biofilm formation regulator. D-Tyrosine negatively regulates melanin synthesis by directly inhibiting tyrosinase activity, the key enzyme in melanin production. It also disrupts biofilm formation by interfering with bacterial adhesion and promoting biofilm dispersal, without affecting bacterial growth, making it a potential antibiofilm agent for medical devices and chronic infections.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
In vitro, D-Tyrosine-d4 is a deuterated internal standard with no direct biological activity. The unlabeled D-tyrosine (10-100 uM) inhibits tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner, reducing melanin synthesis in melanocytes. It also disrupts biofilm formation in various bacterial species (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli) at concentrations of 10-50 uM, promoting biofilm dispersal without killing bacteria. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, the unlabeled D-tyrosine has been studied in animal models of biofilm-associated infections (e.g., catheter-associated urinary tract infections, implant infections). It reduces biofilm formation on implanted medical devices and enhances the efficacy of conventional antibiotics when used in combination. The deuterated standard is not itself administered in vivo but is used for quantification in PK studies.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For cell-free assays (tyrosinase inhibition): mushroom tyrosinase (100-200 units) is incubated with varying concentrations of D-tyrosine-d4 or unlabeled D-tyrosine (0-500 uM) and L-DOPA substrate (2-5 mM) in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) at 37degC for 10-30 min. Absorbance at 475 nm is measured to quantify dopachrome formation. IC50 for tyrosinase inhibition is calculated from dose-response curves. The labeled standard is used as an analytical reference.
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| Cell Assay |
For cell-based assays: melanocytes or melanoma cells (e.g., B16-F10) are treated with D-tyrosine (0-500 uM, 48-72 h). Melanin content is measured spectrophotometrically at 405 nm after cell lysis and solubilization. Tyrosinase activity is measured by L-DOPA oxidation assay in cell lysates. Biofilm assays: bacteria are grown in 96-well plates with D-tyrosine (0-100 uM, 24-48 h), and biofilm biomass is quantified by crystal violet staining. The labeled standard is used for LC-MS quantification of D-tyrosine uptake in these assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal studies (biofilm model): a murine model of catheter-associated infection is established by implanting a silicone catheter coated with bacteria (e.g., S. aureus) into the subcutaneous space of mice. D-tyrosine (50-100 mg/kg) is administered by intraperitoneal injection daily for 7-14 days. Catheters are removed, and biofilm biomass is quantified by sonication and CFU counting. Tissue samples are analyzed for D-tyrosine concentrations using the deuterated internal standard. The labeled standard is not administered to animals directly.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
PK properties of D-tyrosine: after oral or IV administration in rodents, D-tyrosine is rapidly absorbed (Tmax 0.5-1 h) but has a shorter half-life than L-tyrosine due to faster renal clearance. It is not incorporated into proteins to the same extent as L-tyrosine. It crosses the blood-brain barrier via LAT1, albeit less efficiently than L-tyrosine. The deuterated standard co-elutes with the analyte in LC-MS, ensuring accurate quantification. Plasma half-life is approximately 1-2 h.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No significant toxicity has been reported for D-tyrosine at concentrations used for biofilm inhibition (≤100 mg/kg in rodents). It is considered safe as a potential medical device coating or antibiofilm agent. D-Tyrosine is a non-proteinogenic amino acid and is not incorporated into mammalian proteins to a significant extent, reducing the risk of proteotoxicity. The labeled standard is for research use only and is non-hazardous. Not for human consumption.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
D-Tyrosine-d4 is a research standard, not an approved drug. It is not FDA-approved for clinical use. However, D-tyrosine is being investigated as a potential therapeutic agent for preventing biofilm formation on medical devices (catheters, implants, contact lenses) and for treating chronic bacterial infections (e.g., cystic fibrosis lung infections, wound infections). It is also studied as a skin-lightening agent due to its tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The labeled standard is used for analytical method development and PK studies.
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| Molecular Formula |
C9H11NO3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
185.21318936348
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| Exact Mass |
181.074
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| CAS # |
944386-47-4
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| Related CAS # |
D-Tyrosine;556-02-5
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| PubChem CID |
124202884
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
1.046
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
13
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| Complexity |
176
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
[2H]C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1C[C@H](C(=O)O)N)[2H])[2H])O)[2H]
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| InChi Key |
OUYCCCASQSFEME-SFSAVJDPSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H11NO3/c10-8(9(12)13)5-6-1-3-7(11)4-2-6/h1-4,8,11H,5,10H2,(H,12,13)/t8-/m1/s1/i1D,2D,3D,4D
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| Chemical Name |
(2R)-2-amino-3-(2,3,5,6-tetradeuterio-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.3993 mL | 26.9964 mL | 53.9928 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0799 mL | 5.3993 mL | 10.7986 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5399 mL | 2.6996 mL | 5.3993 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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