| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Cytochalasin A targets actin filaments, the primary components of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. The compound binds to the barbed (plus) ends of actin filaments, preventing the addition of new actin monomers and disrupting actin polymerization. This disruption of actin dynamics inhibits cytokinesis (cell division) reversibly, as well as endocytosis and exocytosis in various cell types. Cytochalasin A is also an HIV protease inhibitor, indicating additional molecular targets. The compound's effects on the cytoskeleton make it a powerful research tool for studying actin-dependent cellular processes, including cell motility, vesicle trafficking, and viral entry.
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| ln Vitro |
Cytochalasin A demonstrates potent in vitro activity in disrupting actin dynamics and inhibiting cellular processes. The compound inhibits cytokinesis reversibly in eukaryotic cells. It inhibits megasophil endocytosis and exocytosis. Cytochalasin A disrupts actin polymerization, aiding in studies of viral entry and trafficking. The compound's activity is concentration-dependent, with effects observed at appropriate concentrations. As an HIV protease inhibitor, cytochalasin A has additional antiviral activity. The compound is a powerful research tool in cellular biology and pharmacological studies. Its profound effects on cytoskeletal proteins give rise to pronounced morphogenic activity in animals and plants.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Cytochalasin A has been studied for its effects on the cytoskeleton and its potential as an antiviral agent. As a fungal metabolite and mycotoxin, the compound is primarily used as a research tool rather than a therapeutic agent. Cytochalasin A disrupts actin polymerization, aiding in studies of viral entry and trafficking in vivo. The compound is useful for understanding how viruses interact with the host cytoskeleton during infection. Its effects on cytokinesis and cell motility have been studied in various animal models. Comprehensive in vivo efficacy studies are available from research publications. The compound is not intended for therapeutic use due to its toxicity.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for Cytochalasin A are not standard, as the compound's primary target is actin rather than an enzyme. However, actin polymerization assays can be performed to characterize the compound's activity. Purified actin monomers are incubated with varying concentrations of the test compound in polymerization buffer. Actin polymerization is monitored by measuring the increase in fluorescence of pyrene-labeled actin or by measuring absorbance at 350 nm. IC50 values for inhibition of actin polymerization are calculated from dose-response curves. Alternatively, the compound's HIV protease inhibitory activity can be assessed using fluorogenic protease substrates. Each concentration is typically tested in duplicate or triplicate with appropriate positive controls (known actin inhibitors) and vehicle controls.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for Cytochalasin A are performed using various cell lines to assess its effects on the cytoskeleton and cellular processes. Cells are treated with varying concentrations of the compound for defined time periods. Actin cytoskeleton organization is assessed by immunofluorescence staining of actin filaments using phalloidin conjugates. Cytokinesis is assessed by observing binucleated cells or by measuring cell proliferation. Endocytosis and exocytosis are assessed using fluorescent tracers or labeled ligands. Viral entry studies can be performed using fluorescently labeled viruses or viral pseudotypes. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or CellTiter-Glo assays to ensure that observed effects are not due to cytotoxicity. IC50 values for inhibition of cellular processes are calculated from dose-response curves.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for Cytochalasin A are conducted to study its effects on the cytoskeleton and viral infection. The compound is administered via injection at various doses. Viral entry and trafficking can be studied by infecting animals with labeled viruses in the presence or absence of the compound. Tissue samples are collected for histological analysis to assess effects on the cytoskeleton. Pharmacokinetic studies assess drug concentrations in plasma and tissues. Animals are monitored for clinical signs and body weight. The compound's effects on host cytoskeleton interactions are useful for understanding how viruses enter and traffic within cells. Comprehensive in vivo studies are available from research publications.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of Cytochalasin A have been characterized in research studies. The compound has a molecular formula of C29H35NO5 and a molecular weight of 477.59 g/mol. It is soluble in acetone and slightly soluble in DMSO and methanol. Cytochalasin A has a melting point of 185-187degC and a boiling point of 725.1degC at 760 mmHg. The compound has a density of 1.20 g/cm3. As a lipophilic compound, cytochalasin A would be expected to have good cell permeability. Comprehensive pharmacokinetic parameters including half-life, volume of distribution, clearance, and bioavailability have been characterized in preclinical studies. The compound should be stored at -20degC.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Cytochalasin A is a potent mycotoxin with significant biological activity. As a fungal metabolite, the compound exhibits profound effects on cytoskeletal proteins. Cytochalasin A is an HIV protease inhibitor and disrupts actin polymerization. The compound has a molecular formula of C29H35NO5 and a molecular weight of 477.59 g/mol. Cytochalasin A is a powerful research tool in cellular biology and pharmacological studies. The compound has not entered clinical trials and has not received regulatory approval for any indication. It is available from research chemical suppliers for non-clinical research purposes only. Cytochalasin A is strictly intended for research purposes due to its toxicity.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Cytochalasin A is a type of cytochalasin. It has been reported that cytochalasin A has been found in Bolschlerus parvovirus, and relevant data are available for reference.
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| Molecular Formula |
C29H35NO5
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
477.5919
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| Exact Mass |
477.251
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| CAS # |
14110-64-6
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| PubChem CID |
5458383
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
725.1±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
147 to 148'ºC
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| Flash Point |
392.3±32.9 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.5 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.590
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| LogP |
2.83
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
35
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| Complexity |
901
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
7
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| SMILES |
C[C@@H]1CCCC(=O)/C=C/C(=O)O[C@]23[C@@H](/C=C/C1)[C@@H](C(=C)[C@H]([C@H]2[C@@H](NC3=O)CC4=CC=CC=C4)C)O
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| InChi Key |
ZMAODHOXRBLOQO-TZVKRXPSSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C29H35NO5/c1-18-9-7-13-22(31)15-16-25(32)35-29-23(14-8-10-18)27(33)20(3)19(2)26(29)24(30-28(29)34)17-21-11-5-4-6-12-21/h4-6,8,11-12,14-16,18-19,23-24,26-27,33H,3,7,9-10,13,17H2,1-2H3,(H,30,34)/b14-8+,16-15+/t18-,19-,23+,24+,26+,27-,29-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(1S,4E,10R,12E,14S,15S,17S,18S,19S)-19-benzyl-15-hydroxy-10,17-dimethyl-16-methylidene-2-oxa-20-azatricyclo[12.7.0.01,18]henicosa-4,12-diene-3,6,21-trione
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~209.38 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.0938 mL | 10.4692 mL | 20.9385 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4188 mL | 2.0938 mL | 4.1877 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2094 mL | 1.0469 mL | 2.0938 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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