Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Good absorption after oral administration. Maximum absorption is reached in most rat tissues within 1 hour, while peak concentrations are reached in the brain, diaphragm, stomach, and veins within 24 hours. Concentrations are negligible within 28 days. Biological Half-Life (3-)-H-labeled cycloglutaric acid was detected and quantified. The effective half-life in various rat tissues ranged from 2.8 to 4.1 days.

Cyclandelate esters are esters formed by the condensation of mandelic acid and 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol. They are smooth muscle relaxants that act directly on the skin, dilating blood vessels. They have a vasodilatory effect. They are a carboxylic acid ester and a secondary alcohol. Their function is related to mandelic acid and 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol.
A smooth muscle relaxant that acts directly on the skin, dilating blood vessels. It may cause gastrointestinal discomfort and tachycardia. Cyclandelate esters are not approved for use in the United States or Canada, but are approved in several European countries.
A smooth muscle relaxant that acts directly on the skin, dilating blood vessels.

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Drug Indications
For the treatment of various vascular diseases (e.g., intermittent claudication, arteriosclerosis, and Raynaud's disease) and nocturnal leg cramps.

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Mechanism of Action
Cyclandelate esters produce peripheral vasodilatory effects by acting directly on vascular smooth muscle. Their pharmacological action may be related to calcium channel antagonism.
...Most of its pharmacological properties are very similar to papaverine and many synthetic antispasmodics that primarily act on smooth muscle.
Papaverine is a potent inhibitor of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, present in various tissues, and increases the concentration of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Since cAMP is considered a possible mediator of β-adrenergic smooth muscle relaxation, this mechanism of action... is plausible. /Papaverine/

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Therapeutic Uses
Vasodilator
It relaxes vascular smooth muscle and irregularly increases blood flow. It is used to treat thrombophlebitis, Raynaud's disease, obliterative thromboangiitis obliterans, diabetic angiopathy, intermittent claudication, arteriosclerosis, erythema and cyanosis, frostbite, and refractory skin ulcers.
Cypropyl ester has been used to treat almost all known vascular diseases, but its efficacy has not been fully proven.
Cypropyl ester causes mild vasodilation in humans. Of particular note are increases in digital pulse volume and skin temperature, but increases in cerebral and muscle blood flow have also been reported. For more complete data on the therapeutic uses of ciprodilone (7 types), please visit the HSDB record page. Drug Warnings…Whether reducing arterial pressure supplying the optic nerve head makes the optic nerve more susceptible to damage in glaucoma remains to be evaluated. Pharmacodynamics Ciprodilone is a vasodilator. Cycloglutaric acid relaxes veins and arteries, causing them to dilate and thus allowing blood to flow more easily.

C17H24O3

276.37

276.172

456-59-7

2893

CRYSTALS

1.1±0.1 g/cm3

380.1±22.0 °C at 760 mmHg

55.0-56.5°

150.1±15.1 °C

0.0±0.9 mmHg at 25°C

1.533

4.49

1

3

4

20

331

0

O=C(OC1CC(C)(C)CC(C)C1)C(O)C2=CC=CC=C2

WZHCOOQXZCIUNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C17H24O3/c1-12-9-14(11-17(2,3)10-12)20-16(19)15(18)13-7-5-4-6-8-13/h4-8,12,14-15,18H,9-11H2,1-3H3

(3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl) 2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate

Capilan; Cyclospasmol; Cyclandelate

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO : ≥ 44 mg/mL (~159.21 mM)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

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Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

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Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders

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Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)