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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| ln Vivo |
Coenzyme Q9 lowers myocardial/reperfusion damage at a dose of 5 mg/kg, once daily for 4 weeks [2]. Coenzymes Q9 and Q10 control several mitochondrial proteins and functions and are parts of the crucial respiratory chain of the mitochondria. Coenzyme Q10 is abundant in soybean, corn, and rapeseed oils, whereas coenzyme Q9 is highly concentrated in corn oil [3]. Collagen that is homozygous for the CoQ9 mutant (CoQ9 (X/X)) lacks functional CoQ9 protein, which leads to a significant decrease in CoQ7 protein, a generalized shortage in CoQ, and an accumulation of demethylated collagen. A lack of CoQ results in decreased levels of ATP, ATP/ADP ratios, respiratory control ratios, respiratory complex I impairment, and damage to the brain's mitochondrial bioenergetics. In the brains of CoQ9 (X/X) mice, they result in neuronal death and demyelination, generating significant vacuolation and astrocytic damage.
Coenzyme Q9 prevents diabetes-induced reduction of coenzyme Q9 and Q10 levels in myocardium and skeletal muscle of diabetic rats; supplementation with IGF-1 further enhances this protective effect by maintaining mitochondrial function[1] Coenzyme Q9 exerts cardioprotective effects in a mouse model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury; oral administration converts it to coenzyme Q10, which reduces myocardial infarct size by 35%, decreases cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and improves left ventricular ejection fraction[2] |
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| Cell Assay |
For cardiomyocyte ischemia-reperfusion assay: Culture neonatal rat cardiomyocytes in DMEM medium; pretreat cells with Coenzyme Q9 (5-20 μM) for 24 hours; induce ischemia-like conditions by glucose/oxygen deprivation for 6 hours, followed by reperfusion for 12 hours; detect cell viability via MTT assay, apoptosis via Annexin V-FITC staining, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels via DCFH-DA probe[2]
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: weighing approximately 350-400 grams Male Hartley guinea pigs [2]
Doses: 5 mg/kg body weight Route of Administration: Po; therefore fatal at 3 to 6 months of age [4]. one time/day for 4 weeks. Experimental Results: Supplementing CoQ9 nutrition can reduce myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury to the same extent as CoQ10. For diabetes-induced coenzyme depletion assay: Induce diabetes in male Wistar rats via intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin; after confirming diabetes (blood glucose > 16.7 mmol/L), randomly divide rats into control, diabetic, and IGF-1-treated groups; administer IGF-1 via subcutaneous injection (dose not specified) once daily for 8 weeks; sacrifice rats, isolate myocardium and skeletal muscle tissues, and detect coenzyme Q9 and Q10 levels[1] For myocardial ischemia-reperfusion assay: Use male C57BL/6 mice (20-25 g); administer Coenzyme Q9 dissolved in olive oil via oral gavage at 10 mg/kg once daily for 7 days; on day 7, anesthetize mice, ligate the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 minutes to induce ischemia, then release the ligature for 24 hours of reperfusion; measure myocardial infarct size via TTC staining, detect cardiomyocyte apoptosis via TUNEL assay, and evaluate cardiac function via echocardiography[2] |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Coenzyme Q9 is metabolized in vivo (in a mouse model) to coenzyme Q10, which is the active form that mediates cardioprotective effects[2]
Coenzyme Q9 is absorbed after oral administration and distributed to the heart tissue, where it is metabolized[2] |
| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Ubiquinone-9 is a member of the ubiquinone family. It has antioxidant properties and is also a human metabolite. Ubiquinone-9 is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (K12 strain, MG1655 strain). Coenzyme Q9 has also been reported in the Brazilian rubber tree, winged potato and other organisms with relevant data. Coenzyme Q9 is an endogenous lipophilic antioxidant and a component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, participating in energy metabolism and reactive oxygen species scavenging [1].
Coenzyme Q9 is naturally found in virgin argan oil and other edible vegetable oils, with a content ranging from 0.12 to 0.85 μg/g; its concentration varies greatly among different types of vegetable oils [3] The cardioprotective effect of coenzyme Q9 depends on its conversion to coenzyme Q10, because coenzyme Q9 itself does not directly protect heart tissue [2] Dysfunctional Coq9 protein (a different entity from coenzyme Q9) leads to CoQ biosynthesis deficiency and encephalomyopathy, but coenzyme Q9 does not directly participate in this pathological process [4] |
| Molecular Formula |
C54H82O4
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
795.22648
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| Exact Mass |
794.621
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| CAS # |
303-97-9
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| PubChem CID |
5280473
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| Appearance |
Yellow to orange solid powder
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| Density |
1.0±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
826.8±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
41-43ºC
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| Flash Point |
314.4±34.3 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±3.0 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.525
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| LogP |
18.89
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
28
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| Heavy Atom Count |
58
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| Complexity |
1680
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CC1=C(C(=O)C(=C(C1=O)OC)OC)C/C=C(\C)/CC/C=C(\C)/CC/C=C(\C)/CC/C=C(\C)/CC/C=C(\C)/CC/C=C(\C)/CC/C=C(\C)/CC/C=C(\C)/CCC=C(C)C
|
| InChi Key |
UUGXJSBPSRROMU-WJNLUYJISA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C54H82O4/c1-40(2)22-14-23-41(3)24-15-25-42(4)26-16-27-43(5)28-17-29-44(6)30-18-31-45(7)32-19-33-46(8)34-20-35-47(9)36-21-37-48(10)38-39-50-49(11)51(55)53(57-12)54(58-13)52(50)56/h22,24,26,28,30,32,34,36,38H,14-21,23,25,27,29,31,33,35,37,39H2,1-13H3/b41-24+,42-26+,43-28+,44-30+,45-32+,46-34+,47-36+,48-38+
|
| Chemical Name |
2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-[(2E,6E,10E,14E,18E,22E,26E,30E)-3,7,11,15,19,23,27,31,35-nonamethylhexatriaconta-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34-nonaenyl]cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
Ethanol : ~12.5 mg/mL (~15.72 mM)
DMSO : ~2 mg/mL (~2.51 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.2575 mL | 6.2875 mL | 12.5750 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2515 mL | 1.2575 mL | 2.5150 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1257 mL | 0.6287 mL | 1.2575 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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