| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg | |||
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| Targets |
Clothianidin-d3 targets the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in insects, specifically the insect nAChR subtypes that are sensitive to neonicotinoid insecticides. As a deuterated analog of clothianidin, it retains the same mechanism of action as the parent compound. Clothianidin acts as an agonist at insect nAChRs, binding to the receptor and causing overstimulation of the nervous system, leading to paralysis and death of the insect. The deuterium substitution does not alter the primary pharmacological target but serves as a tracer for analytical purposes.
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| ln Vitro |
On isolated neurons, clothianidin-d3 (30 nM) shows significant action [3]. Larvae of monarch butterflies exposed to milkweed (1 µg/L; 36 h) exhibit sublethal effects from clothianidin-d3 [4]. Fields grown with maize and soybeans have low quantities of clothianidin-d3 (0.25 mg/grain and 0.50 mg/grain) in the soil and water [5].
Clothianidin-d3 exhibits insecticidal activity against a broad spectrum of insect pests, consistent with the activity profile of the parent compound clothianidin. Its in vitro activity is typically evaluated using standard insecticide bioassays, where the compound's ability to cause mortality or behavioral effects in target insects is assessed. The compound's affinity for insect nAChRs can be measured using radioligand binding assays with membrane preparations from insect brains. However, as a deuterated internal standard, clothianidin-d3 is not typically used for pharmacological evaluation of insecticidal activity. |
| ln Vivo |
Clothianidin-d3 is not typically studied as a therapeutic entity for in vivo activity, as its primary use is as an analytical internal standard. However, as a deuterated analog of clothianidin, it would be expected to exhibit similar in vivo insecticidal efficacy to the parent compound when applied to target insect species. Clothianidin is a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide that is effective against a variety of agricultural pests, including aphids, whiteflies, and beetles.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cellular assays for clothianidin-d3 are not typically performed for pharmacological evaluation. Instead, the compound is used as an internal standard in LC-MS/MS methods for quantifying clothianidin concentrations in various matrices such as agricultural products, environmental samples, and biological specimens. Sample preparation involves extraction of clothianidin from the matrix, followed by clean-up using solid-phase extraction. The extracted sample is spiked with a known amount of clothianidin-d3, and the mixture is analyzed by LC-MS/MS using selected reaction monitoring (SRM) transitions specific to the deuterated compound.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for clothianidin-d3 are not typically conducted for pharmacological evaluation. The compound is used as an analytical standard rather than as a biological tool. Its application is limited to the development and validation of analytical methods for the quantification of clothianidin residues. The compound may be used in cell-based studies as a tracer for clothianidin uptake or metabolism, but such applications are not standard.
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| Animal Protocol |
Clothianidin-d3 is not used in in vivo animal studies as a pharmacological agent. Its application in animal research is limited to its use as an internal standard for the analysis of clothianidin residues in biological samples collected from animals exposed to the insecticide. For example, in toxicokinetic or residue depletion studies, blood or tissue samples from dosed animals are spiked with clothianidin-d3 during sample preparation to enable accurate quantification of clothianidin by LC-MS/MS.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of clothianidin-d3 are expected to be nearly identical to those of the parent compound clothianidin due to the minor isotopic substitution. Clothianidin is rapidly absorbed after oral administration and is widely distributed in the body. It is metabolized in the liver via cytochrome P450-mediated oxidation and reduction, and metabolites are excreted primarily in the urine. The elimination half-life of clothianidin varies depending on the species and route of administration. The deuterium labeling does not significantly affect the pharmacokinetic properties of the compound.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The deuterium-labeled clothianidin-d3 is stable and non-toxic at the trace concentrations used as an internal standard. The parent compound clothianidin is a neonicotinoid insecticide that is toxic to insects but has relatively low acute toxicity to mammals. However, clothianidin has been associated with adverse effects on non-target organisms including bees and other pollinators. In mammals, high doses may cause neurotoxicity due to nAChR activation. Clothianidin-d3 itself is not administered at therapeutic doses for toxicity evaluation, as its use is limited to analytical applications.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Clothianidin-d3 is a research-grade stable isotope-labeled compound intended for laboratory use as an analytical internal standard. It is not approved for clinical use as a therapeutic agent. Its CAS number is 1262776-24-8. The primary application of clothianidin-d3 is in analytical chemistry for the quantification of clothianidin residues in agricultural products, environmental samples, and biological specimens using LC-MS/MS. The compound is also used in metabolism studies to trace the fate of clothianidin in plants and animals. Clothianidin-d3 is a valuable tool for food safety testing, environmental monitoring, and pesticide residue analysis.
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| Molecular Formula |
C6H8CLN5O2S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
249.678017616272
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| Exact Mass |
252.027
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| CAS # |
1262776-24-8
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| Related CAS # |
Clothianidin;210880-92-5
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| PubChem CID |
136257761
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.7±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
435.2±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
217.0±31.5 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.0 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.709
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| LogP |
-0.15
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
15
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| Complexity |
258
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
[2H]C([2H])([2H])N/C(=N\\[N+](=O)[O-])/NCC1=CN=C(S1)Cl
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| InChi Key |
PGOOBECODWQEAB-FIBGUPNXSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H8ClN5O2S/c1-8-6(11-12(13)14)10-3-4-2-9-5(7)15-4/h2H,3H2,1H3,(H2,8,10,11)/i1D3
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| Chemical Name |
1-[(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl]-2-nitro-3-(trideuteriomethyl)guanidine
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.0051 mL | 20.0256 mL | 40.0513 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8010 mL | 4.0051 mL | 8.0103 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4005 mL | 2.0026 mL | 4.0051 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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