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| Targets |
Ciwujianoside A1 does not have a single well-defined pharmacological target; it exhibits pleiotropic effects through modulation of multiple cellular pathways. Its anti-inflammatory activity is associated with the inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production in macrophages. As a triterpenoid saponin, it may interact with cell membranes and modulate signaling pathways involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. The compound is categorized as targeting "Others" in screening databases, indicating its multi-target nature. Further mechanistic studies are needed to fully elucidate its primary molecular targets.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Ciwujianoside A1 demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide production in mouse RAW264.7 macrophages. The assay results indicate that the compound has an IC50 value greater than 50000.0 nM. It also exhibits antioxidant properties, reducing oxidative stress in various cellular models. The compound's ability to modulate inflammatory responses and oxidative stress markers has been characterized in cell-based assays, though detailed potency data against specific molecular targets remains limited.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Ciwujianoside A1 is orally active and has been shown to enhance the effects of eleutheroside E in the cerebral cortex. It has been studied for its adaptogenic and hepatoprotective effects in animal models. The compound's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities translate to in vivo efficacy in models of oxidative stress-related diseases. However, specific in vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data are not extensively reported in the available literature. Further studies are required to fully characterize its in vivo efficacy and safety profile.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For cell-free biochemical assays, Ciwujianoside A1 can be evaluated for its anti-inflammatory activity by measuring its ability to inhibit nitric oxide production in cell-free systems, though this is typically performed in cellular assays. The compound's antioxidant activity can be assessed using cell-free radical scavenging assays such as DPPH or ABTS, where its ability to neutralize free radicals is measured spectrophotometrically. Its purity (≥99%) and identity are confirmed by HPLC and NMR analysis. The compound is typically dissolved in DMSO for assay preparation.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for Ciwujianoside A1 typically involve treating mouse RAW264.7 macrophages with the compound at various concentrations, followed by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation. Nitric oxide production in the culture medium is measured using the Griess reagent. Cytotoxicity is assessed using standard cell viability assays such as MTT to ensure that the observed anti-inflammatory effects are not due to cell death. The compound is typically dissolved in DMSO and diluted in cell culture medium to final concentrations ranging from nanomolar to micromolar levels.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for Ciwujianoside A1 have been conducted in rodent models to evaluate its adaptogenic, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects. The compound is orally administered, and its effects on various physiological parameters are monitored. In studies investigating its interaction with eleutheroside E, the compound was administered to assess its impact on cerebral cortex function. However, detailed experimental protocols, including specific dosing regimens and animal models, are not extensively documented in the available literature. Standard protocols for evaluating adaptogenic and hepatoprotective agents would typically be employed.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of Ciwujianoside A1 include a molecular weight of 1221.38 g/mol and molecular formula C59H96O26. The compound has a purity of ≥99% and is soluble in DMSO (55 mg/mL, 45.03 mM). It is orally active, suggesting reasonable oral bioavailability. The compound is stable as a powder at -20°C for up to 3 years and in solvent at -80°C for 1 year. Detailed ADME parameters such as half-life, Cmax, and tissue distribution have not been extensively reported in the available literature.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of Ciwujianoside A1 has not been extensively characterized in published literature. As a natural product derived from Acanthopanax senticosus, it is generally considered to have a favorable safety profile at research doses. Standard preclinical safety studies would include acute and sub-chronic toxicity assessments in rodent models. The compound is intended for research use only and not for therapeutic applications in humans. Standard safety precautions should be followed when handling this compound, including the use of personal protective equipment.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Ciwujianoside A1 has been reported in Caulophyllum thalictroides, Fatsia japonica, and other organisms with available data.
Ciwujianoside A1 is a triterpenoid saponin isolated from Acanthopanax senticosus (Siberian ginseng) leaves with diverse pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and adaptogenic effects. It shows anti-inflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells by inhibiting LPS-induced nitric oxide production (IC50 > 50000 nM). The compound is orally active and enhances the effects of eleutheroside E in the cerebral cortex. Ciwujianoside A1 is a research tool for studying inflammation, oxidative stress, and adaptogenic mechanisms. It has not entered clinical trials and is strictly for research purposes. |
| Molecular Formula |
C59H96O26
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
1221.38
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| Exact Mass |
1220.618
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| CAS # |
120768-65-2
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| PubChem CID |
21607574
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
-1.2
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
15
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
26
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
14
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| Heavy Atom Count |
85
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| Complexity |
2370
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
32
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| SMILES |
C[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)O)OC[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)OC(=O)[C@@]45CC[C@@]6(C(=CC[C@H]7[C@]6(CC[C@@H]8[C@@]7(CC[C@@H](C8(C)C)O[C@H]9[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](CO9)O)O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)CO)O)O)O)C)C)[C@@H]4CC(CC5)(C)C)C)O)O)O)CO)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
JYQWZASHCQTVLM-AQYGZFFOSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C59H96O26/c1-24-34(63)38(67)42(71)49(78-24)83-46-29(21-61)80-48(45(74)41(46)70)77-23-30-37(66)40(69)44(73)51(81-30)85-53(75)59-17-15-54(2,3)19-26(59)25-9-10-32-56(6)13-12-33(55(4,5)31(56)11-14-58(32,8)57(25,7)16-18-59)82-52-47(35(64)27(62)22-76-52)84-50-43(72)39(68)36(65)28(20-60)79-50/h9,24,26-52,60-74H,10-23H2,1-8H3/t24-,26-,27-,28+,29+,30+,31-,32+,33-,34-,35-,36+,37+,38+,39-,40-,41+,42+,43+,44+,45+,46+,47+,48+,49-,50-,51-,52-,56-,57+,58+,59-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.8187 mL | 4.0937 mL | 8.1875 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.1637 mL | 0.8187 mL | 1.6375 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0819 mL | 0.4094 mL | 0.8187 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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