| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
CAR, PXR[1]
CITCO targets the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), a nuclear receptor that regulates the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes (e.g., CYP2B6, CYP3A4) and transporters. CITCO acts as a potent agonist, binding to CAR with high affinity and inducing its nuclear translocation. It has an EC50 of 49 nM for CAR activation and is >50-fold selective for CAR over PXR. This selectivity makes CITCO a valuable tool for studying CAR-specific functions. |
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| ln Vitro |
In T98G and U87MG gliomas as well as BTSCs, CITCO (1-50 μM; 48 hours) causes a dose-dependent suppression of viable cell count and proliferation[1]. Different BTSCs in culture experience cell cycle arrest in different ways when exposed to CITCO (2.5, 5 μM) for 48 hours, while normal astrocytes are not affected[1]. In BTSCs in vitro, CITCO (2.5-10 μM; 48 hours) dose-dependently promotes apoptosis, but not in normal astrocytes[1]. T98G and U87MG gliomas, as well as BTSCs expressing extremely low quantities of CAR protein that rapidly increased, are caused by CITCO (0-25 μM; 48 hours)[1].
CITCO demonstrates potent agonistic activity at CAR with an EC50 of 49 nM. It is >50-fold selective for CAR over PXR and shows no activity on other nuclear receptors. In cell-based assays, CITCO (1-50 μM; 48 hours) has been shown to alter the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters. It also inhibits the growth and expansion of brain tumor stem cells. |
| ln Vivo |
Treatment with 25 μg of CITCO (intraperitoneal; on days 22, 24, 26, 30, and 36) significantly reduces tumor development, and treatment with 100 μg of CITCO further reduces tumor growth to an undetectable level [1].
In vivo, CITCO has been used to activate mouse and human CAR in animal studies. It alters the expression of key drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in human hepatocytes. The compound's activity in vivo supports its utility as a pharmacological tool for studying CAR function and its role in drug metabolism and toxicity. CITCO has been shown to positively affect the metabolic profile of CHOP (a chemotherapeutic agent). |
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro assays for CITCO typically involve transient transfection assays using CAR-responsive reporter gene systems. Cells are transfected with a CAR expression vector and a luciferase reporter plasmid containing CAR-responsive elements. Cells are treated with CITCO at varying concentrations (typically 0.001-100 μM) for 24 hours, after which luciferase activity is measured. EC50 values are calculated from dose-response curves. Selectivity is assessed using similar reporter assays for PXR and other nuclear receptors.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell Proliferation Assay[1]
Cell Types: T98G, U87MG, DB29 and DB33 human glioma cells, astrocytes Tested Concentrations: 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50 μM Incubation Duration: 48 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of viable cell count and proliferation. Cell Cycle Analysis[1] Cell Types: The T98G, U87MG, DB29 and DB33 glioma cells Tested Concentrations: 2.5, 5 μM Incubation Duration: 48 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Induced cell cycle arrest differentially in different BTSCs in culture. Apoptosis Analysis[1] Cell Types: The T98G, U87MG, DB29 and DB33 glioma cells Tested Concentrations: 2.5, 5 or 10 μM Incubation Duration: 48 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Increased the levels of Annexin V-positive apoptotic cells in dose dependently. Western Blot Analysis[1] Cell Types: T98G, U87MG, DB29 and DB33 glioma cells Tested Concentrations: 0 to 25 μM Incubation Duration: 48 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: The T98G, U87MG glioma and BTSCs expressed very low levels of CAR protein that increased Dramatically. Cellular assays for CITCO are performed using human hepatoma cell lines (e.g., HepG2) or primary human hepatocytes. Cells are treated with CITCO at concentrations ranging from 1 to 50 μM for 48 hours. The expression of CAR target genes (e.g., CYP2B6, CYP3A4) is measured by qRT-PCR or Western blotting. CAR nuclear translocation is assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Cell proliferation and apoptosis are assessed in brain tumor stem cell models. |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Six- to eightweeks old male athymic nude mice[1]
Doses: 25 or 100 μg Route of Administration: Intraperitoneal; on days 22, 24, 26, 30 and 36 Experimental Results: diminished tumor growth. In vivo animal studies with CITCO are conducted in mouse models to study CAR activation. Mice are treated with CITCO orally or intraperitoneally at various doses. Liver tissue is collected, and the expression of CAR target genes is measured by qRT-PCR or Western blotting. The compound's effects on drug metabolism and toxicity are assessed by measuring the clearance of CAR substrate drugs. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for CITCO are limited, as it is primarily a research compound. Its molecular weight is 426.75 g/mol, and it has a molecular formula of C19H12Cl3N3OS. The compound is typically dissolved in DMSO for in vitro studies and formulated in suitable vehicles for in vivo administration. Its oral bioavailability and metabolic stability have not been extensively characterized.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Comprehensive toxicological data for CITCO are limited. In cell-based assays, the compound has been shown to inhibit the growth and expansion of brain tumor stem cells at concentrations up to 50 μM. No significant cytotoxicity has been reported in hepatocytes at the doses used for CAR activation studies. The compound is intended for laboratory research only and should be handled with standard safety precautions.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
CITCO is a research compound used as a pharmacological tool to study CAR function and its role in drug metabolism, toxicity, and cancer. Its high potency and selectivity for CAR over PXR make it a valuable tool for dissecting CAR-specific effects. CITCO has been used to study the role of CAR in brain tumor stem cell biology and the metabolic profile of anticancer drugs. It is not approved for clinical use and is intended for laboratory research only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C19H12CL3N3OS
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| Molecular Weight |
436.7421
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| Exact Mass |
434.977
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 52.25; H, 2.77; Cl, 24.35; N, 9.62; O, 3.66; S, 7.34
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| CAS # |
338404-52-7
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| PubChem CID |
3751173
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.48g/cm3
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| Index of Refraction |
1.697
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| LogP |
6.573
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
27
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| Complexity |
520
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
ClC1C([H])=C([H])C(=C([H])C=1[H])C1=C(/C(/[H])=N/OC([H])([H])C2C([H])=C([H])C(=C(C=2[H])Cl)Cl)N2C([H])=C([H])SC2=N1
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| InChi Key |
ZQWBOKJVVYNKTL-AUEPDCJTSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C19H12Cl3N3OS/c20-14-4-2-13(3-5-14)18-17(25-7-8-27-19(25)24-18)10-23-26-11-12-1-6-15(21)16(22)9-12/h1-10H,11H2/b23-10+
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| Chemical Name |
(E)-1-[6-(4-chlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazol-5-yl]-N-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)methoxy]methanimine
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| Synonyms |
CITCO
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~25 mg/mL (~57.24 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.2897 mL | 11.4485 mL | 22.8969 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4579 mL | 2.2897 mL | 4.5794 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2290 mL | 1.1448 mL | 2.2897 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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