| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg | |||
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Cipralisant targets the histamine H3 receptor, a presynaptic autoreceptor and heteroreceptor that regulates the release of histamine and other neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. By blocking H3 receptors, Cipralisant enhances the release of histamine, acetylcholine, and norepinephrine, leading to increased CNS activity. The compound's unique property of being an agonist in vitro and antagonist in vivo suggests complex receptor pharmacology.
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| ln Vitro |
Maleate, or cipralate, functions as a complete agonist to block adenylyl cyclase. The forskolin-induced cAMP buildup is potently inhibited by Cipralisant (maleate) in HEK cells, suggesting that Cipralisant (maleate) functions as a strong complete histamine H3 receptor agonist. The basal [35S]GTPγS binding activity (EC50, 5.6 nM) on the membrane of HEK cells expressing rat histamine H3 receptors is increased by Cipralisant (maleate) [3].
In vitro, Cipralisant acts as an agonist at the histamine H3 receptor, demonstrating high affinity with a Ki of 0.47 nM for the rat H3 receptor and a pKi of 9.9. It shows potent activity in various in vitro assays measuring H3 receptor-mediated signaling. The compound is selective for the H3 receptor over other histamine receptor subtypes (H1, H2, and H4). Detailed in vitro functional data including specific EC50 values are available in the published literature. |
| ln Vivo |
In five trials, Cipralisant (maleate) (0.3 to 30 mg/kg; subcutaneous injection) improved collection; at 1 mg/kg, it became significant [2]. Oral Cipralisant (maleate) at a dose of 10 mg/kg totally prevents alcohol consumption induced by R-alpha-methylhistamine [3]. Maleate, or cipralate, increases waking in rats. Cipralisant (maleate), which has a high affinity for rat H3 receptors and strong CNS penetration, efficiently and significantly enhances performance in the repeated acquisition model. At the highest effective dosage, ciproxifene 3 mg/kg seems to be more effective than cipralisant (maleate) [2]. In a rat brain synaptosome model, diprolisant (maleate) functions as a partial agonist [3].
In vivo, Cipralisant acts as a full antagonist at the histamine H3 receptor, increasing the release of histamine, acetylcholine, and norepinephrine in the brain. It has been studied for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and cognitive disorders. The compound is orally active and demonstrates low toxicity in preclinical studies. Its ability to enhance CNS neurotransmitter release suggests potential therapeutic applications in cognitive enhancement and neuropsychiatric disorders. |
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro receptor binding assays for H3 antagonists typically use radioligand binding with [³H]N-α-methylhistamine or [³H]GSK189254 as labeled ligands. Membranes prepared from rat brain or cells expressing human H3 receptors are incubated with the radioligand and varying concentrations of Cipralisant. Specific binding is determined by subtracting non-specific binding (defined by excess unlabeled histamine or thioperamide). Ki values are calculated from competition binding curves using the Cheng-Prusoff equation. Functional assays measure H3 receptor-mediated [³⁵S]GTPγS binding or cAMP modulation.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for H3 receptor ligands typically use CHO or HEK293 cells expressing human or rat H3 receptors. For agonist activity, cells are treated with Cipralisant, and receptor activation is measured by [³⁵S]GTPγS binding or inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation. For antagonist activity, cells are pre-incubated with Cipralisant and then stimulated with an H3 agonist (e.g., histamine or R-α-methylhistamine). The degree of inhibition of the agonist response is used to calculate IC50 or Ki values.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Male SHR puppies (35–50 g) [2]
Doses: 0.3~30 mg/kg Route of Administration: subcutaneous injection Experimental Results: At the dose of 1 mg/kg, the performance of SHR puppies was Dramatically enhanced and was consistent with Dose related. Animal/Disease Models: Male SD (SD (Sprague-Dawley)) rat [3] Doses: 10 and 30 mg/kg Route of Administration: Oral Experimental Results: Greater brain exposure was achieved, monitor water intake for 60 minutes after dosing. In vivo animal studies for H3 antagonists typically use rodent models of cognitive function, attention, or wakefulness. Animals are administered Cipralisant orally or intraperitoneally, and behavioral tests (e.g., novel object recognition, Morris water maze, or passive avoidance) are performed to assess cognitive enhancement. Microdialysis studies measure neurotransmitter release (histamine, acetylcholine, norepinephrine) in specific brain regions. The compound's effects on sleep-wake cycle and locomotor activity are also assessed. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Cipralisant is orally active with good bioavailability following oral administration. As a small-molecule H3 antagonist, it distributes to the central nervous system, crossing the blood-brain barrier to reach its target receptors in the brain. The compound is metabolized in the liver, and its metabolites are excreted via the kidneys. Detailed PK parameters such as half-life, Cmax, and Tmax are available from preclinical studies.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Cipralisant demonstrates low toxicity in preclinical studies. It is generally well-tolerated at therapeutic doses, with no significant organ toxicity reported. Common side effects may include CNS-related effects such as insomnia, anxiety, or agitation, which are related to its mechanism of enhancing neurotransmitter release. Standard toxicity assessments include acute and repeated-dose studies in rodents and dogs, as well as genotoxicity and safety pharmacology evaluations.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Cipralisant maleate (GT-2331) is a potent, selective histamine H3 receptor ligand that acts as a full antagonist in vivo and an agonist in vitro. It has high affinity for the H3 receptor with a Ki of 0.47 nM. The compound was developed for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and cognitive disorders. It enhances CNS neurotransmitter release by blocking presynaptic H3 autoreceptors. The compound is available for research use and has been studied in preclinical and clinical settings.
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| Molecular Formula |
C14H20N2.C4H4O4
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| Molecular Weight |
332.39416
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| Exact Mass |
332.174
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| CAS # |
223420-20-0
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| Related CAS # |
Cipralisant;213027-19-1;Cipralisant (enantiomer);223420-11-9
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| PubChem CID |
6450822
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Boiling Point |
386.7ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
188.5ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
7.72E-06mmHg at 25°C
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| LogP |
3.054
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
24
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| Complexity |
421
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
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| SMILES |
CC(C)(C)CCC#C[C@@H]1C[C@H]1C2=CN=CN2.C(=C\C(=O)O)\C(=O)O
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| InChi Key |
QIQWRCNAPQJQLL-COALEZEGSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C14H20N2.C4H4O4/c1-14(2,3)7-5-4-6-11-8-12(11)13-9-15-10-16-13;5-3(6)1-2-4(7)8/h9-12H,5,7-8H2,1-3H3,(H,15,16);1-2H,(H,5,6)(H,7,8)/b;2-1-/t11-,12-;/m1./s1
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| Chemical Name |
(Z)-but-2-enedioic acid;5-[(1R,2R)-2-(5,5-dimethylhex-1-ynyl)cyclopropyl]-1H-imidazole
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (~300.85 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.0085 mL | 15.0426 mL | 30.0851 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6017 mL | 3.0085 mL | 6.0170 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3009 mL | 1.5043 mL | 3.0085 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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