| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 2mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Targets |
Ciglitazone is a potent and selective PPARγ agonist. As the prototypical TZD, it is used as a reference compound in studies of PPARγ signaling and insulin sensitization. It is also used to study the anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects of PPARγ activation. The compound is not approved for clinical use.
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| ln Vitro |
Ciglitazone (0–20 μM; 24 hours) uses the PPAR non-smoking pathway to sense cells. Ciglitazone increases intracellular Ca2+ and produces reactive oxygen species [4].
In vitro, Ciglitazone activates PPARγ with an EC50 of 3 μM. It inhibits proliferation and differentiation of Th17 cells. It induces cell cycle arrest in gastric cancer cells. It induces apoptosis in opossum kidney epithelial cells. It decreases insulin levels and VEGF production. |
| ln Vivo |
In C57BL/6J-ob/ob, ciglitazone (100 mg/kg/day; 2 days) resulted in the recovery of hypertension. In ob/ob treated with 100 mg/kg/day Ciglitazone for 41–44 days, regranulation of pancreatic beta cells and enhanced islet insulin content were noted [3].
In vivo, Ciglitazone is an oral hypoglycemic agent with antihyperglycemic activity. It has been shown to be active in obese hyperglycemic animal models. It decreases insulin levels, VEGF production, and blood pressure. It inhibits HUVEC differentiation and angiogenesis. |
| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Ciglitazone is an aromatic ether composed of 1,3-thiazolidinedione-2,4-dione, with its 5-position substituted by a 4-[(1-methylcyclohexyl)methoxy]benzyl group. It is a selective PPARγ agonist with dual action as an insulin sensitizer and antitumor drug. Ciglitazone belongs to the thiazolidinedione class of aromatic ethers. Developed by Takeda Pharmaceutical in the early 1980s, it is considered a prototype of thiazolidinedione compounds. While not initially used as a drug, sitiglitone sparked interest in the mechanism of action of thiazolidinedione drugs. Several analogues have since been developed, some of which—such as pioglitazone and troglitazone—have been marketed. In vitro studies have shown that sitiglitone significantly reduces VEGF production in human follicular granulosa cells, thus potentially indicating its use in the treatment of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Ciglitazone is a potent and selective PPARγ ligand with an EC50 of 3.0 µM. It also acts as an antiglycemic agent in ob/ob mouse models. Ciglitazone promotes adipogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), inhibits their differentiation and angiogenesis, and suppresses osteogenic activity in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Ciglitazone belongs to the thiazolidinedione class of antidiabetic drugs and possesses antihyperglycemic activity. It also exerts anti-inflammatory effects by modulating the nuclear factor-κB-mediated signaling pathway. Furthermore, this drug inhibits angiogenesis by reducing the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and suppresses melanoma cell growth by inhibiting the expression of CXC motif ligand 1 (CXCL1). This drug is a prototype of a thiazolidinedione compound but has never been marketed.
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| Molecular Formula |
C18H23NO3S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
333.44
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| Exact Mass |
333.139
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| CAS # |
74772-77-3
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| PubChem CID |
2750
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
504.5±23.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
130-131ºC
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| Flash Point |
258.9±22.6 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.3 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.568
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| LogP |
4.69
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
23
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| Complexity |
440
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O=C(N1)SC(CC2=CC=C(OCC3(C)CCCCC3)C=C2)C1=O
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| InChi Key |
YZFWTZACSRHJQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C18H23NO3S/c1-18(9-3-2-4-10-18)12-22-14-7-5-13(6-8-14)11-15-16(20)19-17(21)23-15/h5-8,15H,2-4,9-12H2,1H3,(H,19,20,21)
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| Chemical Name |
5-[[4-[(1-methylcyclohexyl)methoxy]phenyl]methyl]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
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| Synonyms |
ADD3878 U63287 ADD-3878 ADD 3878U-63287
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~299.90 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.50 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween-80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), Clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL of PEG300 and mix well; then add 50 μL of Tween-80 and mix well; finally add 450 μL of physiological saline and adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.50 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), Clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD saline and mix well. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.50 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), Clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL of corn oil and mix well. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.9990 mL | 14.9952 mL | 29.9904 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5998 mL | 2.9990 mL | 5.9981 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2999 mL | 1.4995 mL | 2.9990 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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