| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Chromium picolinate targets the insulin receptor, enhancing insulin sensitivity. It is an activator of p38 MAPK. The compound induces apoptosis and has antioxidant activity. It may also act as an iron-chelating agent that inhibits DNA synthesis. Its primary mechanism involves modulating glucose uptake and insulin signaling.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Chromium picolinate has been studied in insulin-resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes for its anti-diabetic mechanisms. It acts as a modulator of glucose uptake and the activity of insulin. The compound induces apoptosis and activates p38 MAPK. It also exhibits antioxidant activity.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Chromium picolinate is used as a nutritional supplement to prevent or treat chromium deficiency. It is used to promote optimal insulin function in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Chromium ions regulate insulin by promoting glucose utilization and increasing the sensitivity of the insulin receptor.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for Chromium picolinate typically measure its effects on insulin receptor kinase activity. The receptor is incubated with ATP and a substrate in the presence of varying concentrations of the compound. Phosphorylation of the substrate is measured. Its effects on p38 MAPK activation can be assessed by Western blotting using phospho-specific antibodies.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for Chromium picolinate are performed using insulin-resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Cells are treated with the compound, and glucose uptake is measured using radiolabeled glucose or fluorescent glucose analogs. Insulin signaling pathways are assessed by Western blotting. Apoptosis is measured by Annexin V staining or caspase activity assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies with Chromium picolinate are conducted in animal models of Type 2 diabetes and obesity. The compound is administered orally via the diet. Blood glucose levels, insulin sensitivity, and body weight are measured. Its effects on lipid metabolism and oxidative stress are also assessed.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Metabolism / Metabolites
Chromium can be absorbed orally, through inhalation, or through skin contact, and is distributed to almost all tissues, with the highest concentrations in the kidneys and liver. Bones are also a major storage site, potentially leading to long-term retention. Hexavalent chromium is structurally similar to sulfates and chromates and can enter cells via the sulfate transport mechanism. Intracellularly, hexavalent chromium is first reduced to pentavalent chromium, and then further reduced to trivalent chromium by various substances, including ascorbic acid, glutathione, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Almost all chromium is excreted in urine. (A12, L16) Chromium picolinate is orally active. It is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Chromium is distributed to various tissues and is primarily excreted in urine. Its half-life is relatively short. The compound's pharmacokinetics are influenced by its chemical form and the presence of other dietary components. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity Summary
Trivalent chromium can form complexes with peptides, proteins, and DNA, leading to DNA-protein cross-links, DNA strand breaks, DNA-DNA interstrand cross-links, chromium-DNA adducts, chromosomal aberrations, and alterations in cellular signaling pathways. Studies have shown that trivalent chromium can induce carcinogenesis by increasing peroxide levels through overstimulation of cellular regulatory pathways and activation of certain mitogen-activated protein kinases. It can also inhibit histone modification by cross-linking the histone deacetylase 1-DNA methyltransferase 1 complex to the CYP1A1 promoter chromatin, thereby causing transcriptional repression. Chromium can also enhance its own toxicity by modifying metal-regulated transcription factor 1, leading to the inhibition of zinc-induced metallothionein transcription. (A12, L16, A34, A35, A36) Chromium picolinate is generally considered safe at recommended doses. Chromium in its trivalent state is not very toxic. It may be oxidized to hexavalent chromium, a known carcinogen, but this is not a significant concern with normal use. High doses may cause gastrointestinal upset, dizziness, or headache. |
| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Chromium pyridinecarboxylate, with the chemical formula CrPic3, is pinkish-red. It is a coordination compound composed of chromium(III) and pyridinecarboxylic acid. Chromium pyridinecarboxylate can be used as a nutritional supplement to optimize insulin function in patients with type 2 diabetes or to promote weight loss. Studies have shown that chromium ions can regulate insulin by promoting glucose utilization and improving insulin receptor sensitivity. Chromium pyridinecarboxylate is a salt of the trace metal element chromium (Cr), an essential element in glucose metabolism. Chromium is found in vitamin and mineral supplements and may promote the utilization of dietary sugars and carbohydrates by optimizing insulin action. Animal studies have shown that chromium pyridinecarboxylate may be carcinogenic, as it can directly enter cells and cause gene mutations. (NCI04) Chromium(III) pyridinecarboxylate is a compound of chromium. It is found in nutritional supplements for the prevention or treatment of chromium deficiency. Chromium is a chemical element with the symbol Cr and atomic number 24. It occurs naturally in rocks, animals, plants, and soil, and is usually mined in the form of chromite. Hexavalent chromium (+6 chromium) is the most toxic because it enters cells more easily and has a higher redox potential. However, trivalent chromium (chromium(III)) is essential for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the human body. (L17)
See also: Chromium cations (with the active moiety)... See more... Chromium picolinate is a nutritional supplement used to support insulin function and glucose metabolism. It is marketed for Type 2 diabetes and weight loss. The compound is also being studied for its potential effects on lipid metabolism and body composition. It is available over-the-counter as a dietary supplement. |
| Molecular Formula |
C18H12CRN3O6
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
418.3
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| Exact Mass |
418.013
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| CAS # |
14639-25-9
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| PubChem CID |
151932
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| Appearance |
Pink to red solid powder
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| Boiling Point |
292.5ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
130.7ºC
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
9
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
28
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| Complexity |
108
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
CBDQOLKNTOMMTL-UHFFFAOYSA-K
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/3C6H5NO2.Cr/c3*8-6(9)5-3-1-2-4-7-5;/h3*1-4H,(H,8,9);/q;;;+3/p-3
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| Chemical Name |
chromium(3+);pyridine-2-carboxylate
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| Synonyms |
CCRIS8310; CCRIS-8310; CCRIS 8310
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~7.81 mg/mL (~18.67 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.3906 mL | 11.9531 mL | 23.9063 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4781 mL | 2.3906 mL | 4.7813 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2391 mL | 1.1953 mL | 2.3906 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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