| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Chondroitin sulfate targets multiple pathways involved in inflammation and cartilage degradation. It reduces inflammation mediators and the apoptotic process. It inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). It also targets MMP and NO Synthase.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Chondroitin sulfate demonstrates several biological activities. It exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the production of inflammatory mediators. It increases the synthesis of type II collagen and proteoglycans in chondrocytes. It reduces bone resorption and promotes a better anabolic/catabolic balance in cartilage cells.
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| ln Vivo |
Shark cartilage is the source of chondroitin sulfate sodium, a biochemical reagent that can be utilized in life science research as an organic substance or biological material.
In vivo, Chondroitin sulfate is used as a symptomatic slow-acting drug for osteoarthritis (SYSADOA). It has been shown to reduce pain and improve joint function in patients with osteoarthritis. It also has beneficial effects on bone health and may help to reduce the progression of joint space narrowing in osteoarthritis. |
| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro enzyme activity assay for Chondroitin sulfate is not a standard enzyme inhibition assay. Its activity is often assessed in cell-based models. For example, its anti-inflammatory effect is measured by treating chondrocytes or macrophages with the compound and measuring the production of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) and nitric oxide using ELISA or the Griess reagent.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell culture studies for Chondroitin sulfate utilize chondrocytes or synoviocytes. Cells are treated with the compound, and the expression of inflammatory mediators (iNOS, COX-2, MMPs) is analyzed by Western blotting or qPCR. The synthesis of cartilage matrix components, such as type II collagen and aggrecan, is also assessed. The anti-apoptotic effect is measured by flow cytometry.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for Chondroitin sulfate are performed in models of osteoarthritis, such as the monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) or the anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) model in rats. The compound is administered orally, and the severity of cartilage damage is assessed by histological scoring. Inflammatory markers in the synovial fluid are measured by ELISA.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Chondroitin sulfate is a high molecular weight polysaccharide with a molecular weight ranging from 10 to 50 kDa. It is a highly hydrophilic compound that is soluble in water. It is typically administered orally as a dietary supplement, with a bioavailability of approximately 10-20%. It is stored as a powder at room temperature, protected from moisture.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for Chondroitin sulfate indicate that it is generally well-tolerated. It has a low potential for toxicity and is considered safe for long-term use. Mild gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea and diarrhea, may occur at high doses. It is not known to be carcinogenic or teratogenic.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Reports have indicated that the Chinese butterfly (Cipangopaludina chinensis) contains chondroitin sulfate, and relevant data exists. Chondroitin sulfate derivatives refer to derivatives in which the sulfate group is esterified onto the galactosamine group of chondroitin sulfate. Chondroitin sulfate A (or chondroitin sulfate 4-ester) and chondroitin sulfate C (or chondroitin sulfate 6-ester) have sulfate groups esterified at positions 4 and 6, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (β-heparin; dermatan sulfate) is a misnomer; this compound is not true chondroitin sulfate. See also: Chondroitin sulfate (note moved to).
Chondroitin sulfate is an approved dietary supplement and medical food in many countries for the management of osteoarthritis. It is often combined with glucosamine in over-the-counter products. It is also approved as a pharmaceutical ingredient in some countries for the treatment of osteoarthritis. It has no other clinical approvals as a drug. |
| Molecular Formula |
C13H21NO15S
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
463.3685
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| Exact Mass |
479.058
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| CAS # |
9007-28-7
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| Related CAS # |
9007-28-7 (Parent);9007-28-7 (Parent)
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| PubChem CID |
24766
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
2.0±0.1 g/cm3
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| Index of Refraction |
1.686
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| LogP |
-4.28
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
8
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
15
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
6
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| Heavy Atom Count |
30
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| Complexity |
739
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
10
|
| SMILES |
CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[C@H]1O)OS(=O)(=O)O)O)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)C(=O)O)O)O)O
|
| InChi Key |
KXKPYJOVDUMHGS-OSRGNVMNSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C13H21NO15S/c1-2(15)14-3-8(7(19)13(28-11(3)22)29-30(23,24)25)26-12-6(18)4(16)5(17)9(27-12)10(20)21/h3-9,11-13,16-19,22H,1H3,(H,14,15)(H,20,21)(H,23,24,25)/t3-,4+,5+,6-,7-,8-,9+,11-,12-,13-/m1/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3-acetamido-2,5-dihydroxy-6-sulfooxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ≥ 50 mg/mL
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.1581 mL | 10.7905 mL | 21.5810 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4316 mL | 2.1581 mL | 4.3162 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2158 mL | 1.0791 mL | 2.1581 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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