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| Targets |
The molecular targets of celosin I are not fully characterized, but the compound is known for its hepatoprotective activity. As a triterpenoid saponin, celosin I may exert its effects through multiple mechanisms, including antioxidant activity, inhibition of inflammatory signaling, and protection against hepatotoxic agents. The compound protects against CCl₄-induced and DMF-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. It may act by reducing oxidative stress, maintaining cellular membrane integrity, and modulating liver enzyme activities. Triterpenoid saponins are known for their diverse biological activities, including hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. However, the specific molecular targets and signaling pathways involved in celosin I's hepatoprotective effects require further investigation.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro studies of celosin I have demonstrated its hepatoprotective activity. The compound protects hepatocytes against toxic insults such as CCl₄ and DMF. In cellular assays, celosin I reduces cell death, decreases the release of liver enzymes (ALT, AST), and maintains cellular integrity in hepatocyte cultures exposed to hepatotoxic agents. The compound's antioxidant activity may contribute to its protective effects by scavenging reactive oxygen species and reducing oxidative damage. Celosin I may also modulate inflammatory responses and maintain mitochondrial function in hepatocytes. However, detailed in vitro mechanistic studies are limited, and the compound's specific effects on cellular signaling pathways require further investigation. The compound is also used as a chemical marker for quality control of C. argentea seeds.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies of celosin I have demonstrated significant hepatoprotective effects in mouse models of liver injury. The compound protects against CCl₄-induced hepatotoxicity, reducing serum transaminase (ALT, AST) levels and attenuating histopathological damage to liver tissues. In the DMF-induced hepatotoxicity model, celosin I also shows significant protective effects. In vivo protocols typically involve oral or intraperitoneal administration of celosin I at doses determined from preliminary studies. Endpoints include assessment of serum liver enzymes (ALT, AST), histopathological examination of liver tissues (H&E staining), measurement of oxidative stress markers (MDA, SOD, GSH), and evaluation of inflammatory cytokines. The compound's hepatoprotective efficacy has been validated in multiple preclinical studies, supporting its potential as a therapeutic agent for liver diseases.
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| Cell Assay |
For hepatoprotection studies in vitro, primary hepatocytes or hepatic cell lines (e.g., HepG2 cells) are cultured in appropriate medium (DMEM or Williams' E medium) with 10% FBS and antibiotics. Cells are seeded in 96-well or 24-well plates. Celosin I is dissolved in DMSO and diluted in culture medium to final concentrations (typically 1-100 µM). Cells are pre-treated with celosin I for 1-2 hours, then exposed to hepatotoxic agents such as CCl₄ (10-50 mM) or DMF (50-200 mM) for 4-24 hours. Cell viability is assessed by MTT or LDH release assays. Liver enzyme release (ALT, AST) is measured in the culture supernatant using commercial kits. Oxidative stress markers (MDA, SOD, GSH) are measured in cell lysates using colorimetric or fluorometric assays. Apoptosis is assessed by caspase-3/7 activity and Annexin V/PI staining. For mechanistic studies, cells are lysed and analyzed for signaling proteins (e.g., Nrf2, NF-κB, MAPKs) by Western blot.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo hepatoprotection studies, adult mice (BALB/c or ICR, 6-8 weeks old) are used. Celosin I is dissolved in vehicle (e.g., saline with 0.5% DMSO or 0.5% methylcellulose) and administered via oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection at doses of 1-50 mg/kg, typically once daily for 3-7 days before hepatotoxic challenge. For the CCl₄-induced liver injury model, mice receive a single dose of CCl₄ (0.5-1 ml/kg, diluted in olive oil, i.p.) on the final day of treatment. For the DMF-induced hepatotoxicity model, mice receive DMF (200-400 mg/kg, i.p.). Blood samples are collected 12-24 hours after hepatotoxic challenge for serum transaminase (ALT, AST) measurement. Liver tissues are harvested for histopathological examination (H&E staining), assessment of oxidative stress markers (MDA, SOD, GSH), measurement of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), and Western blot analysis of signaling proteins. Body weights are monitored throughout the study.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for celosin I are not available, as the compound is a natural product used primarily as a research reagent. As a triterpenoid saponin with high molecular weight (1103.20) and complex glycosylated structure, celosin I is expected to have low oral bioavailability and limited tissue distribution. The compound's metabolism likely involves deglycosylation and hepatic metabolism. However, no dedicated pharmacokinetic studies have been reported. The compound is used as a chemical marker for quality control rather than as a therapeutic agent requiring pharmacokinetic characterization.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No toxicological data for celosin I have been reported, as the compound is a natural product used primarily as a research reagent. In preclinical studies, the compound has been shown to be well-tolerated at hepatoprotective doses. No acute toxicity LD50 values or organ-specific toxicity data have been reported. As with all research compounds, appropriate safety precautions should be taken when handling celosin I, including the use of personal protective equipment and work in a well-ventilated area.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
According to reports, Celosin I has been found in Celosia argentea, and relevant data are available for reference.
Celosin I (CAS 1807732-38-2) is an oleanane-type triterpenoid saponin isolated from the seeds of Celosia argentea L. (Amaranthaceae). It has significant hepatoprotective effects on CCl₄-induced and DMF-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Along with celosin H and celosin J, it can be used as a chemical marker for the quality control of C. argentea seeds. Its molecular formula is C₅₃H₈₂O₂₄ with a molecular weight of 1103.20. Celosin I is used as a research tool for studying hepatoprotective mechanisms and as a chemical marker for quality control of herbal products. It has not entered clinical trials and is strictly for research use only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C53H82O24
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| Molecular Weight |
1103.20000
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| Exact Mass |
1102.519
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| CAS # |
1807732-38-2
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| PubChem CID |
139035027
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
-0.1
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
13
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
24
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
11
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| Heavy Atom Count |
77
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| Complexity |
2250
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
29
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| SMILES |
[C@H]1(O)C[C@]2(C)[C@@]3([H])CC=C4[C@]5([H])CC(C)(C)CC[C@]5(C(O[C@H]5[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O6)C)O[C@H]6[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO6)O)O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)O5)=O)CC[C@@]4(C)[C@]3(C)CC[C@@]2([H])[C@](C)(C(=O)O)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C(=O)O)O1
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| InChi Key |
ZGJXPMROEKLPPN-ZZGAWGKQSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C53H82O24/c1-20-28(56)31(59)39(75-43-36(64)33(61)37(21(2)72-43)73-42-34(62)29(57)25(55)19-70-42)45(71-20)77-47(69)53-15-13-48(3,4)17-23(53)22-9-10-26-49(5)18-24(54)40(76-44-35(63)30(58)32(60)38(74-44)41(65)66)52(8,46(67)68)27(49)11-12-51(26,7)50(22,6)14-16-53/h9,20-21,23-40,42-45,54-64H,10-19H2,1-8H3,(H,65,66)(H,67,68)/t20-,21+,23+,24+,25-,26-,27-,28+,29+,30+,31+,32+,33+,34-,35-,36-,37+,38+,39-,40+,42+,43+,44+,45+,49-,50-,51-,52+,53+/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4-carboxy-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-2-hydroxy-4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.9065 mL | 4.5323 mL | 9.0645 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.1813 mL | 0.9065 mL | 1.8129 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0906 mL | 0.4532 mL | 0.9065 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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