Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
The injection dose of Ceftolozane-tazobactam is 1 g/0.5 g every 8 hours for 1 day. After this, the area under the curve (AUC) is 172 mcg•h/mL. Both Cmax (peak concentration) and AUC are dose-dependent. At the above dose, the Cmax on the first day of administration of Ceftolozane-tazobactam was 69.1 mcg/mL. Ceftolozane is primarily excreted in the urine. Ceftolozane-tazobactam distributes rapidly through tissues and has good pulmonary penetration, making it an ideal drug for treating bacterial pneumonia. The renal clearance of Ceftolozane-tazobactam after a single dose is 3.41–6.69 L/h. Patients with impaired renal function (creatinine clearance ≤50 mL/min) require dose adjustment. Please refer to the official package insert for dosage adjustment guidelines.

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Metabolism/Metabolites
Almost no metabolism occurs within Ceftolozane. When administered in the form of Ceftolozane-tazobactam, the β-lactam ring of tazobactam is hydrolyzed to form an inactive metabolite.
Biological Half-Life
On day 1 of treatment, with a dose of 1 g/0.5 g every 8 hours, the biological half-life is 2.77 hours; on day 10 of treatment, with a dose of 1 g/0.5 g every 8 hours, the biological half-life is 3.12 hours.

Protein Binding
16% to 21% is bound to plasma proteins.

: Ceftolozane/tazobactam for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2015 Feb;16(2):271-80

Ceftolozane is a fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Its molecular structure contains (5-amino-4-{[(2-aminoethyl)carbamoyl]amino}-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-2-onthiol-2-yl)methyl and [(2Z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-{[(2-carboxypropyl-2-yl)oxy]imino}acetyl]amino side groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively. This drug is used to treat Gram-negative bacterial infections resistant to conventional antibiotics. It belongs to the cephalosporin class and is a member of the thiadiazole class of antibiotics. Ceftolozane is a semi-synthetic broad-spectrum fifth-generation cephalosporin. It was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2014 for use in combination with tazobactam to treat serious infections, such as intra-abdominal infections and complicated urinary tract infections. The drug is manufactured by Cubist Pharmaceuticals. Recently, in June 2019, Ceftolozanedine-tazobactam combination therapy was approved for the treatment of hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia. Hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Ceftolozanedine-tazobactam has effective antibacterial activity against a variety of pathogens that cause these infections, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ceftolozanedine is a cephalosporin antibiotic. It is a semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity against certain Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. After administration, Ceftolozanedine binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. This interferes with the final transpeptidation step required for the formation of peptidoglycan cross-links, a key component of the bacterial cell wall that gives it strength and rigidity. This inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis and reduces cell wall stability, thereby weakening the bacterial cell wall and leading to bacterial cell lysis.

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Drug Indications
Ceftolozaned, in combination with [tazobactam], is used to treat infections in adults and children caused by specified susceptible microorganisms: - Complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAI), in combination with [metronidazole] - Complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI), including pyelonephritis - Hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (HABP/VABP)

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Mechanism of Action
Ceftolozaned belongs to the cephalosporin class of antibacterial drugs. Ceftolozaned exerts its antibacterial effect by preventing the formation of cell walls that protect bacteria from damage and confer resistance to certain antibiotics. The antibacterial activity of Ceftolozaned is also exerted through its binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), which are essential for peptidoglycan cross-linking in bacterial cell wall synthesis. By inhibiting cell wall synthesis, bacterial cells are killed, thereby treating a variety of infections. Ceftolozane exhibits a particularly high affinity for penicillin-binding proteins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and other enteric bacteria. Notably, Ceftolozane demonstrates a higher affinity for penicillin-binding proteins 1b, 1c, 2, and 3 in vitro compared to other antibiotics such as ceftazidime and imipenem.

C23H30N12O8S2

666.689899921417

666.175

689293-68-3

689293-68-3;936111-69-2 (sulfate);

53234134

White to off-white solid powder

-6.17

7

16

11

45

1280

2

S1CC(C[N+]2=CC(=C(N)N2C)NC(NCCN)=O)=C(C(=O)[O-])N2C([C@H]([C@@H]12)NC(/C(/C1=NSC(N)=N1)=N\OC(C(=O)O)(C)C)=O)=O

JHFNIHVVXRKLEF-DCZLAGFPSA-N

InChI=1S/C23H30N12O8S2/c1-23(2,20(40)41)43-31-11(15-30-21(26)45-32-15)16(36)29-12-17(37)35-13(19(38)39)9(8-44-18(12)35)6-34-7-10(14(25)33(34)3)28-22(42)27-5-4-24/h7,12,18,25H,4-6,8,24H2,1-3H3,(H7,26,27,28,29,30,32,36,38,39,40,41,42)/b31-11-/t12-,18-/m1/s1

(6R,7R)-3-[[3-amino-4-(2-aminoethylcarbamoylamino)-2-methylpyrazol-1-ium-1-yl]methyl]-7-[[(2Z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(2-carboxypropan-2-yloxyimino)acetyl]amino]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

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Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

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Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders

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Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)