Bacterial cell wall synthesis; β-lactam
Cefetamet sodium, like other β-lactam antibiotics, exerts its antibacterial activity by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It targets penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), which are essential enzymes involved in the final stages of bacterial cell wall assembly. By binding to and inactivating PBPs, cefetamet interferes with the cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains, leading to weakening of the bacterial cell wall and ultimately bacterial cell death. Cefetamet demonstrates stability against β-lactamase enzymes, making it effective against β-lactamase-producing bacterial strains.

Cefetamet demonstrates excellent in vitro activity against major respiratory pathogens, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis, and group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. It is active against β-lactamase-producing strains of Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. However, it shows weaker activity against penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Cefetamet sodium also kills and lyses Treponema pallidum. It is effective against Enterobacteriaceae, Neisseria species, and Gram-positive bacteria such as Streptococcus.

Cefetamet pivoxil is an oral third-generation cephalosporin that is hydrolyzed in vivo to release the active moiety, cefetamet. Cefetamet demonstrates excellent in vitro activity against major respiratory pathogens, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis, and group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. It is active against beta-lactamase-producing strains of H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis, but exhibits poor activity against penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae. Cefetamet shows marked activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae and possesses a broad spectrum of activity against Enterobacteriaceae. Staphylococci and Pseudomonas species are resistant to cefetamet. Cefetamet pivoxil has been investigated for the treatment of both upper and lower community-acquired respiratory tract infections and has demonstrated efficacy equivalent to several established agents, including cefaclor, amoxicillin, and cefixime. In patients with group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis, a 7-day course of cefetamet pivoxil was as effective as a 10-day course of the standard agent, phenoxymethylpenicillin. In complicated urinary tract infections, cefetamet pivoxil showed similar efficacy to cefadroxil, cefaclor, and cefuroxime axetil. Cefetamet pivoxil was also effective in the treatment of otitis media, pneumonia, pharyngotonsillitis, and urinary tract infections in children. Preliminary data indicate that a single dose of cefetamet pivoxil can effectively eradicate N. gonorrhoeae in both men and women. The tolerability profile of cefetamet pivoxil is similar to that of other oral cephalosporins, with gastrointestinal effects being the most commonly reported adverse events. To date, no symptoms of carnitine deficiency have been reported with cefetamet pivoxil. Cefetamet pivoxil offers an effective oral alternative for the outpatient management of community-acquired respiratory tract infections, with the advantages of enhanced activity against H. influenzae and increased stability against beta-lactamases. However, its use in regions with a high prevalence of penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae may be limited. Cefetamet pivoxil is also effective in treating urinary tract infections, although further trials are needed to establish any comparative advantages over other oral agents.
Cefetamet sodium is an orally available cephalosporin antibiotic. It is used in the research of respiratory tract, urinary tract, ear, nose and throat infections, and syphilis. In vivo, cefetamet is the microbiologically active form that is released upon hydrolysis of the prodrug cefetamet pivoxil. Its pharmacokinetic profile is similar to that of ceftizoxime and ceftazidime. Cefetamet sodium has also been studied in the context of cirrhosis of the liver and lung infections.

Cefetamet sodium's activity is assessed using standard in vitro microbiological susceptibility testing methods. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determinations are performed against various bacterial strains using broth microdilution or agar dilution methods. The compound's stability against β-lactamase enzymes can be evaluated using standard β-lactamase inhibition assays. Binding affinity to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) can be assessed using competitive binding assays with radiolabeled penicillin.

Cellular assays for cefetamet sodium are conducted using standard microbiological techniques with bacterial cultures. The compound's antibacterial activity is evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against various bacterial strains. Bacterial growth inhibition is assessed by measuring optical density or by counting colony-forming units. The compound's activity is evaluated against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Cefetamet sodium's ability to kill and lyse Treponema pallidum can also be assessed.

In vivo animal model experiments for cefetamet sodium would involve administration to animal models of infection to evaluate its efficacy. Studies may include models of respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and syphilis. The compound's pharmacokinetic profile can be assessed in animal models to determine parameters such as bioavailability, half-life, and tissue distribution. Such studies are essential for understanding the compound's in vivo behavior and therapeutic potential.

Cefetamet sodium is an orally available cephalosporin antibiotic. It is the sodium salt form of cefetamet, which is the microbiologically active form released upon hydrolysis of the prodrug cefetamet pivoxil. Its pharmacokinetic profile is similar to that of ceftizoxime and ceftazidime. The compound is well-absorbed after oral administration and achieves therapeutic concentrations in various tissues. It is primarily excreted by the kidneys.

5489410 rat LD50 subcutaneous >2 gm/kg SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER CHANGES: OLFACTION; SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: MYDRIASIS (PUPILLARY DILATION): EYE; KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: OTHER CHANGES Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics., 18(Suppl
5489410 dog LD oral >1 gm/kg Gekkan Yakuji. Pharmaceuticals Monthly., 35(803), 1993
5489410 rat LD50 oral >2 gm/kg SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER CHANGES: OLFACTION; SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: MYDRIASIS (PUPILLARY DILATION): EYE; KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: OTHER CHANGES Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics., 18(Suppl
Cefetamet sodium is generally well-tolerated as a cephalosporin antibiotic. Common adverse effects associated with cephalosporins include gastrointestinal disturbances, hypersensitivity reactions (particularly in patients with penicillin allergy), and local reactions at the injection site. As a third-generation cephalosporin, it has a favorable safety profile.

[1]. Cefetamet pivoxil. A review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use. Drugs. 1993;45(4):589-621.

Cefetamet sodium (CAS# 65243-25-6) is an orally available third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It is the sodium salt form of cefetamet, the microbiologically active form released upon hydrolysis of the prodrug cefetamet pivoxil. The compound has a molecular weight of 419.41. It demonstrates excellent in vitro activity against major respiratory pathogens and is used in the research of respiratory tract, urinary tract, ear, nose and throat infections, and syphilis.

C14H14N5NAO5S2

419.4

419.033

C, 40.09; H, 3.36; N, 16.70; Na, 5.48; O, 19.07; S, 15.29

65243-25-6

Cefetamet pivoxil hydrochloride;111696-23-2;Cefetamet hydrochloride;724438-16-8; 65052-63-3; 65243-25-6 (sodium); 65243-33-6 (pivoxil)

23670897

Typically exists as solid at room temperature

0.415

2

10

5

27

718

2

[Na+].CO/N=C(/C(N[C@@H]1C(=O)N2C(=C(CS[C@H]12)C)C([O-])=O)=O)\C1=CSC(N)=N1

NZQJSIPYDOTDFS-JJHIVTNASA-M

InChI=1S/C14H15N5O5S2.Na/c1-5-3-25-12-8(11(21)19(12)9(5)13(22)23)17-10(20)7(18-24-2)6-4-26-14(15)16-6;/h4,8,12H,3H2,1-2H3,(H2,15,16)(H,17,20)(H,22,23);/q;+1/p-1/b18-7+;/t8-,12-;/m1./s1

sodium;(6R,7R)-7-[[(2E)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-methyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate

Ro-15-8074/001; Cefetamet sodium; UNII-JFW8625WP0; JFW8625WP0; SODIUM CEFETAMET; 65243-25-6; Ro 15-8074/001; Cefetamet sodium

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

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Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

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Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders

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Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)