| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Carabrone has been shown to target various cellular pathways. It inhibits NF-κB signaling, reduces the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6, and induces apoptosis in cancer cells through the mitochondrial pathway. It may also inhibit STAT3 and MAPK signaling.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, carabrone exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by reducing nitric oxide (NO) production and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in LPS-stimulated macrophages. It shows cytotoxic activity against various cancer cell lines, including HeLa, MCF-7, and HepG2 cells, with IC50 values in the micromolar range.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, carabrone has shown anti-tumor activity in mouse xenograft models, inhibiting tumor growth without significant toxicity. It also has anti-inflammatory effects in animal models of inflammation, such as carrageenan-induced paw edema and LPS-induced acute lung injury.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays are performed using purified NF-κB or STAT3 proteins. Carabrone is incubated with the protein, and DNA-binding activity is measured using an ELISA-based assay. Kinase activity is measured using specific substrates and ATP. Cytokine levels in cell supernatants are measured by ELISA.
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| Cell Assay |
Macrophage cell lines (e.g., RAW 264.7) are cultured and stimulated with LPS in the presence of various concentrations of carabrone. NO production is measured using the Griess reagent. TNF-α and IL-6 levels are measured by ELISA. Cell viability is assessed using MTT assay. Cancer cell lines are treated with carabrone, and apoptosis is assessed by flow cytometry.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal models include nude mice bearing xenograft tumors. Carabrone is administered via intraperitoneal injection or oral gavage. Tumor volume is measured over time. After sacrifice, tumors are excised and analyzed for apoptosis markers by TUNEL or Western blot. Anti-inflammatory activity is assessed in carrageenan-induced paw edema models.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Carabrone is a lipophilic small molecule. Its pharmacokinetic properties are not well characterized. It is expected to be absorbed after oral administration and metabolized in the liver. Detailed PK parameters such as bioavailability, half-life, and tissue distribution are not documented.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Carabrone has shown low toxicity in animal studies at pharmacologically active doses. No significant acute toxicity or organ damage has been reported. Comprehensive toxicological data are limited. As a natural product, it is considered to have a favorable safety profile.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Carabrone has reportedly been found in Hymenoxys integrifolia, Inula grandis, and other organisms with available data.
Carabrone is a research compound with potential anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. It is not an approved drug and is not in clinical trials. It is used as a reference compound in studies of natural product pharmacology and sesquiterpene lactone biology. |
| Molecular Formula |
C15H20O3
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
248.3175
|
| Exact Mass |
248.141
|
| CAS # |
1748-81-8
|
| PubChem CID |
164879
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.1±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
397.4±15.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Flash Point |
176.5±20.4 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.9 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.525
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| LogP |
1.4
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
18
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| Complexity |
439
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
5
|
| SMILES |
CC(=O)CC[C@H]1[C@H]2[C@@]1(C[C@@H]3[C@H](C2)C(=C)C(=O)O3)C
|
| InChi Key |
AGIQIKMGJVLKMA-NLRWUALESA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C15H20O3/c1-8(16)4-5-11-12-6-10-9(2)14(17)18-13(10)7-15(11,12)3/h10-13H,2,4-7H2,1,3H3/t10-,11+,12+,13-,15-/m1/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(3aR,4aS,5S,5aR,6aR)-5a-methyl-3-methylidene-5-(3-oxobutyl)-3a,4,4a,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopropa[f][1]benzofuran-2-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.0271 mL | 20.1353 mL | 40.2706 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8054 mL | 4.0271 mL | 8.0541 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4027 mL | 2.0135 mL | 4.0271 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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