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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Calcium L-Threonate does not have a classic therapeutic target but serves as a source of bioavailable calcium and L-threonate. Calcium is essential for bone health, muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and blood clotting. L-Threonate, the degradation product of dehydroascorbate (a vitamin C metabolite), may contribute to the compound's biological effects. The L-threonate moiety may enhance the absorption of calcium in the gastrointestinal tract. The compound is also used in research as a reactant to synthesize various organic compounds, including cyclic hydroxamates and oxazinanones.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Calcium L-Threonate is used as a source of calcium in cell culture media to study calcium-dependent cellular processes. Its role as a reactant in organic synthesis is well-established for the preparation of cyclic hydroxamates and substituted oxazinanones. The compound's ability to release calcium ions in a controlled manner makes it useful for studying calcium signaling pathways. It is also used to investigate the effects of L-threonate on cellular metabolism and function.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Calcium L-Threonate is used as a dietary supplement to improve calcium status and bone health. The L-threonate component is a metabolite of vitamin C and may have additional benefits. The compound is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, and the calcium is utilized for various physiological functions. Its bioavailability is considered to be good, making it a popular choice for calcium supplementation. It is not used as a therapeutic drug but as a nutritional supplement.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro non-cell enzyme/receptor binding assays are not applicable for Calcium L-Threonate, as it is a calcium salt and a nutritional supplement. Its properties are typically assessed using analytical chemistry techniques, such as chelometric titration to determine its purity. Its solubility and stability in various media can be measured. The compound's role as a reactant can be studied in organic synthesis reactions, where its conversion to other products is monitored.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for Calcium L-Threonate are used to study its effects on calcium uptake and signaling in cells. Cells are treated with the compound, and intracellular calcium levels are measured using fluorescent dyes like Fura-2. The compound's effects on cell proliferation, differentiation, and gene expression can also be assessed. These studies help to elucidate the biological effects of the L-threonate component.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for Calcium L-Threonate are typically nutritional studies conducted to evaluate its bioavailability and effects on bone health. Animals are fed diets supplemented with the compound, and parameters such as bone mineral density, calcium absorption, and serum calcium levels are measured. These studies help to establish the efficacy of the compound as a calcium supplement.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Human studies have shown that the calcium in L-threonate calcium is absorbed. In an open-label, single-dose and multiple-dose study, a single oral dose of 2025 mg of calcium threonate in healthy adult Chinese subjects resulted in a peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of 32.3 mg/L. The time to peak plasma concentration (Tmax) was approximately 2 hours. Threonate has been detected in human urine. In a pharmacokinetic study of 200 mg/kg body weight calcium threonate in rats, approximately 30% of the calcium was excreted in the urine, approximately 40% in the feces, approximately 10-20% remained in the blood and bones, and approximately 10% was stored in organs 24 hours after administration. The apparent total volume of distribution after a single oral dose of 2025 mg calcium threonate in healthy adult Chinese subjects was approximately 53.6 L. The apparent total clearance after a single oral dose of 2025 mg calcium threonate in healthy adult Chinese subjects was approximately 14.5 L/h. Biological Half-Life The terminal elimination half-life of a single oral dose of 2025 mg calcium threonate in healthy adult Chinese subjects is approximately 2.7 hours. Calcium L-Threonate has a molecular weight of 310.27 g/mol and a molecular formula of C₈H₁₄CaO₁₀. It is a white to almost white powder to crystal. The compound has a specific rotation of +14.0 to +16.0 degrees (c=1, H₂O). It is soluble in water. It should be stored at room temperature (15°C or below in a cool, dry place). Its stability is good under normal storage conditions. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Calcium L-Threonate is considered safe for use as a dietary supplement. It is non-toxic at recommended doses. However, excessive calcium intake can lead to hypercalcemia and other adverse effects. The compound is not intended for therapeutic use without medical supervision. Standard safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound in its pure form.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
L-Threonate calcium salt is an L-α-D-Hepp-(1→7)-L-α-D-Hepp-(1→3)-L-α-D-Hepp-(1→5)-α-Kdo. Calcium threonate is the calcium salt of threonate acid, a novel drug used to treat osteoporosis and as a calcium supplement. It is found in dietary supplements as a source of L-threonate acid for the treatment of calcium deficiency and prevention of osteoporosis. The most common form is L-threonate calcium, or (2R,3S)-2,3,4-trihydroxybutyrate calcium. L-Threonate acid is an active metabolite of vitamin C and promotes its absorption. Its therapeutic efficacy has been studied and investigated because it is speculated that calcium threonate may participate in the mineralization process through its positive effect on vitamin C.
Drug Indications Currently, there are no approved therapeutic indications. Mechanism of Action After L-threonine dissociates into calcium and L-threonine, it significantly promotes the absorption of vitamin C and prolongs the retention time of vitamin C in human T lymphoma cells. Vitamin C is a marker of osteoblast formation and has been shown to stimulate the production of procollagen and enhance collagen synthesis. L-threonine, by promoting vitamin C absorption, affects the mineralization process as a metabolite. Calcium L-Threonate is the calcium salt of L-threonic acid, a metabolite of vitamin C. It is used as a dietary supplement to enhance calcium bioavailability. It is also used as a reactant in organic synthesis. The compound is not approved as a drug but is available as a nutritional supplement. It is also known as L-Threonic acid calcium salt. |
| Molecular Formula |
C16H28CAO20
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
580.4595
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| Exact Mass |
328.031
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| CAS # |
70753-61-6
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| PubChem CID |
13388558
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Boiling Point |
518.9ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
>300 °C(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
281.7ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
15 ° (C=1, H2O)
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
6
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
10
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
19
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| Complexity |
95.6
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
4
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| SMILES |
C([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[O-])O)O)O.C([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[O-])O)O)O.[Ca+2]
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| InChi Key |
ZJXGOFZGZFVRHK-BALCVSAKSA-L
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/2C4H8O5.Ca/c2*5-1-2(6)3(7)4(8)9;/h2*2-3,5-7H,1H2,(H,8,9);/q;;+2/p-2/t2*2-,3+;/m00./s1
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| Chemical Name |
calcium;(2R,3S)-2,3,4-trihydroxybutanoate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~5 mg/mL (~16.01 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.7228 mL | 8.6139 mL | 17.2277 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3446 mL | 1.7228 mL | 3.4455 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1723 mL | 0.8614 mL | 1.7228 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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