| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| Other Sizes |
Purity: ≥98%
| Targets |
The primary targets of C2 Ceramide include protein phosphatase-1 (PP1), protein phosphatase-2A (PP2A), and ceramide-activated protein phosphatase (CAPP), all of which it activates. It also targets mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III, which it inhibits. Additional targets include pathways involved in cell differentiation, autophagy, and apoptosis. The compound also up-regulates mRNA expression of angiogenic genes in human dental pulp cells. These diverse targets mediate its wide range of biological activities.
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| ln Vitro |
Osteoblast viability was found to be positively correlated with C2 ceramide (5 nM-200 µM; 24-hour treatment; primary mouse osteoblasts) at concentrations ≤500 nM, whereas concentrations ≥2 µM dramatically lowered it in a dose- and time-dependent manner Osteoblast viability[1]. At 50 µM and 100 µM C2 ceramide concentrations, respectively, there was a 5.7-fold and an 11.2-fold increase in cytoplasmic histone-associated DNA fragments in osteoblasts. C2 ceramide is a strong inducer of osteoblast apoptosis at these higher concentrations [1]. While PP1 small interfering RNA exhibits the opposite effect, C2 ceramide enhances endothelial cell migration and capillary formation in human dental pulp cells (HDPC) by upregulating the mRNA expression of angiogenic genes. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 levels, Smad 1/5/8 phosphorylation, and the mRNA expression of osterix and runt-related transcription factor 2 are all increased by human dental pulp cells (HDPC) [2].
In vitro, C2 Ceramide activates PP1 and PP2A, as well as CAPP, in cell-free and cell-based systems. It induces cell differentiation, autophagy, and apoptosis in various cell types. The compound inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III, affecting cellular energy metabolism. C2 Ceramide up-regulates mRNA expression of angiogenic genes in human dental pulp cells and increases the migration and capillary tube formation of endothelial cells. It is used in vitro to study ceramide signaling, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. |
| ln Vivo |
Alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralized nodule development, and dentin matrix protein 1 and dentin sialophosphoprotein mRNA expression are all increased by the PP1 activator C2 ceramide. On the other hand, odontoblast development is inhibited by PP1 small interfering RNA knockdown [2].
In vivo, C2 Ceramide functions as a skin conditioning agent that protects the epidermal barrier from water loss. Its effects on cell differentiation, autophagy, and apoptosis observed in vitro suggest potential in vivo applications in skin care and wound healing. However, detailed in vivo efficacy data are limited. The compound's ability to modulate phosphatase activity and mitochondrial function may have implications for various disease models, but further studies are needed to characterize its in vivo effects comprehensively. |
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays for C2 Ceramide involve incubating the compound with purified PP1, PP2A, or CAPP enzymes to assess activation. Phosphatase activity is measured using synthetic substrates such as p-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) or phosphopeptide substrates, with compound concentrations ranging from 0.1-100 μM. Mitochondrial complex III activity is measured using spectrophotometric assays that monitor cytochrome c reduction. Binding to ceramide-binding proteins can be assessed using pull-down assays or surface plasmon resonance. All assays include appropriate controls and reference compounds (e.g., okadaic acid for phosphatase inhibition).
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| Cell Assay |
Cell viability assay[1]
Cell Types: Primary mouse osteoblasts Tested Concentrations: 5 nM-200 µM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: When exposed to low concentrations of 5-500 nM, the survival rate of mouse osteoblasts was Dose-dependent increase. Increasing the concentration to 20-200 μM resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase activity and osteoblast survival. In vitro cell-based assays for C2 Ceramide are conducted using various cell lines including cancer cells, fibroblasts, or dental pulp cells. Cells are treated with C2 Ceramide at concentrations ranging from 0.1-50 μM for 6-72 hours. Apoptosis is assessed using annexin V/PI staining, caspase activity assays, or DNA fragmentation analysis. Autophagy is evaluated by measuring LC3-II conversion and autophagosome formation. Cell differentiation is assessed by measuring specific differentiation markers. Mitochondrial function is evaluated using Seahorse analysis or JC-1 staining. Angiogenesis is assessed using endothelial cell tube formation assays. Experiments include vehicle controls. |
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies with C2 Ceramide are limited, as the compound is primarily used as a research tool in vitro. Topical application studies may be conducted in animal models to evaluate skin barrier function and wound healing. The compound is applied to skin at concentrations of 0.1-5% in appropriate formulations. Skin barrier function is assessed by measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Wound healing is evaluated by measuring wound closure rates. Each group consists of 6-10 animals. Systemic administration studies are less common due to the compound's rapid metabolism and the availability of more stable ceramide analogs.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of C2 Ceramide include its cell-permeable nature, which allows it to readily enter cells and exert its biological effects. As a short-chain ceramide analog, it is more water-soluble than natural long-chain ceramides. The compound is rapidly metabolized in vivo by ceramidases and other enzymes. Its half-life in biological systems is relatively short, limiting its use in systemic in vivo studies. Topical application allows for local effects with minimal systemic exposure. Detailed PK parameters require further characterization.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for C2 Ceramide indicate that it is generally well-tolerated at concentrations used for in vitro research. No significant cytotoxicity is observed at concentrations below 10 μM in most cell types. At higher concentrations, the compound induces apoptosis, which is a desired effect in some research contexts but may be considered toxic in others. As a skin conditioning agent, it is considered safe for topical use at appropriate concentrations. Comprehensive toxicological studies are limited.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
N-acetylsphingosine is an N-acylsphingosine with an acetylamino group at the 2-position.
C2 Ceramide is a widely used research tool for studying ceramide signaling, apoptosis, autophagy, and cell differentiation. It is a cell-permeable analog that mimics the actions of natural ceramides. The compound is used in cancer research to study apoptosis induction, in cardiovascular research to study mitochondrial function, and in skin research to study barrier function. It also up-regulates angiogenic genes in dental pulp cells, suggesting applications in dental research. Not approved for clinical therapeutic use; intended for research purposes only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C₂₀H₃₉NO₃
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
341.53
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| Exact Mass |
341.292
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| CAS # |
3102-57-6
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| PubChem CID |
5497136
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.0±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
532.4±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
93-96ºC
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| Flash Point |
275.8±30.1 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±3.2 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.485
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| LogP |
5.9
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
16
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| Heavy Atom Count |
24
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| Complexity |
318
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
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| SMILES |
CCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C/[C@H]([C@H](CO)NC(=O)C)O
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| InChi Key |
BLTCBVOJNNKFKC-QUDYQQOWSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C20H39NO3/c1-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-20(24)19(17-22)21-18(2)23/h15-16,19-20,22,24H,3-14,17H2,1-2H3,(H,21,23)/b16-15+/t19-,20+/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
N-[(E,2S,3R)-1,3-dihydroxyoctadec-4-en-2-yl]acetamide
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| Synonyms |
C 2 Ceramide C-2 Ceramide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~20 mg/mL (~58.56 mM)
Ethanol : ~17 mg/mL (~49.78 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.9280 mL | 14.6400 mL | 29.2800 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5856 mL | 2.9280 mL | 5.8560 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2928 mL | 1.4640 mL | 2.9280 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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