| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| 5mg | ||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary targets of Butyryl-Coenzyme A sodium include butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase and butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase (BCoAT). It serves as a substrate for butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes its conversion to crotonyl-CoA, a key step in the fatty acid β-oxidation pathway. BCoAT catalyzes the reaction between butyryl-CoA and acetate to produce butyrate and acetyl-CoA, representing the final step of butyrate synthesis in bacteria. Additionally, this compound serves as a substrate for various acyltransferases and thioesterases.
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| ln Vitro |
In cell-free systems, Butyryl-Coenzyme A sodium exhibits activity as a substrate for butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase and BCoAT. BCoAT demonstrates high catalytic efficiency with butyryl-CoA, with a k_cat of 12.4 s⁻¹, K_m of 0.8 mM, and catalytic efficiency (k_cat/K_m) of 15.5 mM⁻¹s⁻¹, which is approximately 3.8-fold higher than that with caproyl-CoA. In radiometric enzymatic assays, [1-¹⁴C]-labeled butyrate is converted intracellularly to butyryl-CoA to assess short-chain acyl-CoA metabolism in colonic epithelial cells. Studies indicate that butyryl-CoA can be further metabolized by relevant enzyme systems to crotonyl-CoA, participating in β-oxidation.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo activity of Butyryl-Coenzyme A sodium is primarily studied through its precursor butyrate or related metabolic pathways. In rat colonic epithelial cell models, exogenous butyrate (5 mM) is intracellularly converted to butyryl-CoA and subsequently metabolized to produce ¹⁴CO₂. Studies demonstrate that hydrogen sulfide (NaHS, 1.5 mM) treatment significantly inhibits butyrate oxidation, reducing ¹⁴CO₂ production from 0.97 to 0.26 μmol/g dry weight cells/min, accompanied by butyryl-CoA accumulation (from 2.55 to 3.32 μmol/g dry weight cells) and crotonyl-CoA reduction (from 0.274 to 0.120 μmol/g dry weight cells), suggesting that sulfide inhibits short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity and thereby affects butyrate metabolism. In metabolic engineering applications, butyryl-CoA serves as an intermediate in microbial production of biofuels and biodegradable plastics such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs).
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| Enzyme Assay |
Butyryl-Coenzyme A sodium can be used as a substrate for activity assays of BCoAT or butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase. A typical protocol (BCoAT activity assay): Purified recombinant BCoAT (e.g., expressed and purified from E. coli BL21(DE3)) is incubated with 0.1-2.0 mM butyryl-CoA in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5) at 37°C, and reaction products are detected by HPLC or spectrophotometry (e.g., by measuring changes in CoA absorbance at 260 nm). Kinetic parameters are calculated by measuring initial rates at varying substrate concentrations and fitting to the Michaelis-Menten equation to determine K_m and k_cat values. For butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity assays, activity can be quantified by monitoring the fluorescence reduction of electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) at 340 nm excitation/480 nm emission.
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| Cell Assay |
In cellular assays, Butyryl-Coenzyme A sodium is typically studied indirectly through its precursor butyrate. A typical protocol (based on rat colonic epithelial cell model): Isolated rat colonic epithelial cells are resuspended in Krebs-Henseleit buffer and incubated with 5 mM [1-¹⁴C]butyrate (as a precursor that is intracellularly converted to butyryl-CoA) at 37°C for 10 minutes. Following incubation, butyrate oxidative metabolism is assessed by measuring ¹⁴CO₂ production; concurrently, concentrations of acyl-CoA esters including butyryl-CoA, crotonyl-CoA, and acetyl-CoA in cell extracts are measured by HPLC with UV detection. This model can be used to assess the effects of compounds (e.g., NaHS) on short-chain fatty acyl-CoA metabolism.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo studies of Butyryl-Coenzyme A sodium are typically conducted by administering its precursor butyrate or using metabolic intervention models. A typical protocol (based on rat colon metabolism studies): Rats are administered butyrate (via gavage or dietary supplementation), and colon tissue samples are collected at various time points for HPLC-MS/MS analysis of butyryl-CoA and other acyl-CoA esters. Hydrogen sulfide intervention models can also be used: rat colonic epithelial cells are incubated with 1.5 mM NaHS followed by analysis of metabolic changes in butyryl-CoA. In metabolic disease research, dietary interventions (e.g., high-fat or low-fat diets) can modulate gut microbiota-derived butyrate levels, thereby affecting butyryl-CoA concentrations in colon tissues.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Direct pharmacokinetic parameters for Butyryl-Coenzyme A sodium, as an endogenous short-chain fatty acyl-CoA, are limited in the literature. The compound is stable as a powder for 3 years at -20°C and 2 years at 4°C; once dissolved in solvent, it can be stored for 6 months at -80°C and 1 month at -20°C. It carries negative charges at physiological pH and cannot passively diffuse across cell membranes; it is primarily generated intracellularly from butyrate via acyl-CoA synthetase. In colonic epithelial cells, exogenous butyrate (5 mM) is rapidly metabolized within 10 minutes, producing CO₂ and acyl-CoA intermediates. Its metabolic end product is acetyl-CoA, which enters the TCA cycle for further oxidative energy production.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
According to the available Safety Data Sheet, Butyryl-Coenzyme A sodium is classified as a hazardous substance. Its GHS hazard classification includes: Acute oral toxicity (Category 4, H302: Harmful if swallowed), Acute aquatic toxicity (Category 1, H400: Very toxic to aquatic life), and Chronic aquatic toxicity (Category 1, H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects). Precautionary measures include: Wash skin thoroughly after handling, do not eat/drink/smoke when using this product, avoid release to the environment, and seek medical attention if swallowed. This product is for research use only and not for human or veterinary use. IARC, ACGIH, NTP, and OSHA do not classify any component of this product as a human carcinogen.
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| References |
| Molecular Formula |
C25H41N7NAO17P3S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
859.605798482895
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| Exact Mass |
860.146
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| CAS # |
125527-24-4
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| PubChem CID |
156589033
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid at room temperature
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
9
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
22
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
22
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| Heavy Atom Count |
54
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| Complexity |
1410
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
5
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| SMILES |
CCCC(=O)SCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)[C@@H](C(C)(C)COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C=NC3=C(N=CN=C32)N)O)OP(=O)(O)O)O.[Na]
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| InChi Key |
FTNBRLSMPYVYHA-XXXNBSBMSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C25H42N7O17P3S.Na/c1-4-5-16(34)53-9-8-27-15(33)6-7-28-23(37)20(36)25(2,3)11-46-52(43,44)49-51(41,42)45-10-14-19(48-50(38,39)40)18(35)24(47-14)32-13-31-17-21(26)29-12-30-22(17)32;/h12-14,18-20,24,35-36H,4-11H2,1-3H3,(H,27,33)(H,28,37)(H,41,42)(H,43,44)(H2,26,29,30)(H2,38,39,40);/t14-,18-,19-,20+,24-;/m1./s1
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| Synonyms |
S-butanoate coenzyme A, monosodium salt; 125527-24-4; Butyryl-Coenzyme A (sodium salt); C25H42N7NaO17P3S
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: ~100 mg/mL (116.3 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.1633 mL | 5.8166 mL | 11.6332 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2327 mL | 1.1633 mL | 2.3266 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1163 mL | 0.5817 mL | 1.1633 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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