| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Other Sizes |
| ln Vitro |
The MTT assay revealed that HeLa cell growth was considerably decreased (p<0.05) when betaine hydrochloride concentration rose. The low-dose group's (<5 mg/mL) proportion of S-phase cells was considerably higher than the high-dose group's, and the opposite was true for the Sub-G1 phase (p<0.05) proportion of cells. HeLa cell apoptosis was markedly accelerated (p<0.01) by high concentrations of betaine hydrochloride (>5.0 mg/mL). Compared to the control group, the low-dose group's SOD activity was marginally higher (p<0.05). The expression of the pro-apoptotic genes Bax, P53, Caspase 3, and the apoptosis inhibitory gene Bcl-2 showed clear synchronization and connection. Cyclin D1 and p53 can be activated in response to apoptosis-inducing stimuli, which can stop the cell cycle at the G1/S or S/G2 checkpoint [1].
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|---|---|
| ln Vivo |
The ratio of liver weight to body weight decreases when betaine hydrochloride supplements are taken. Addition of betaine hydrochloride to a liquid meal high in alcohol dramatically decreased the buildup of hepatic triglycerides (TG) and liver damage. Supplementing with betaine hydrochloride may lessen the mass loss of the epididymal fat pad caused by prolonged alcohol use. Adipose tissue's methylation status can be improved by supplementing with betaine hydrochloride because it can stop the depletion of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAM) and lessen the increase in S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH)[2].
|
| References |
|
| Additional Infomation |
Betaine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride form of betaine, a crystalline alkaloid occurring in sugar beets and other plants. Betaine, acting as a transmethylating metabolic intermediate, is the oxidation product of choline. Betaine hydrochloride is used as a gastric acidifier supplement.
A naturally occurring compound that has been of interest for its role in osmoregulation. As a drug, betaine hydrochloride has been used as a source of hydrochloric acid in the treatment of hypochlorhydria. Betaine has also been used in the treatment of liver disorders, for hyperkalemia, for homocystinuria, and for gastrointestinal disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1341) |
| Molecular Formula |
C5H12CLNO2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
153.6073
|
| Exact Mass |
153.055
|
| CAS # |
590-46-5
|
| Related CAS # |
Betaine;107-43-7
|
| PubChem CID |
11545
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Density |
1 g/cm3
|
| Melting Point |
241-242 °C(lit.)
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
9
|
| Complexity |
93.1
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| InChi Key |
HOPSCVCBEOCPJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H11NO2.ClH/c1-6(2,3)4-5(7)8;/h4H2,1-3H3;1H
|
| Chemical Name |
carboxymethyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~100 mg/mL (~651.00 mM)
DMSO : ~5 mg/mL (~32.55 mM) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.5100 mL | 32.5500 mL | 65.0999 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.3020 mL | 6.5100 mL | 13.0200 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6510 mL | 3.2550 mL | 6.5100 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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