| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
α₂-Adrenergic Receptors (α₂-AR): Benzquinamide binds to α₂-adrenergic receptors. (Ki values: α₂A = 1,365 nM; α₂B = 691 nM; α₂C = 545 nM) [1]
- Dopamine D2-like Receptors: Benzquinamide binds to dopamine D2, D3, and D4 receptors. (Ki values: D2 = 3,964 nM; D3 = 3,592 nM; D4 = 574 nM) [1] |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Lack of Activity on Previously Purported Targets: Contrary to widespread belief and database annotations, benzquinamide showed no substantial modulation of histamine H1 or muscarinic M1-M5 receptors. At a concentration of 10 μM, maximum inhibition observed was 16%. [1]
- Binding Affinity for α₂-Adrenergic Receptors: Experimental testing confirmed that benzquinamide binds to α₂A, α₂B, and α₂C adrenergic receptors with Ki values of 1,365 nM, 691 nM, and 545 nM, respectively. [1] - Binding Affinity for Dopamine Receptors: Benzquinamide was tested against dopamine D2, D3, and D4 receptors based on target-hopping strategy linking α₂-AR to these receptors. It showed Ki values of 3,964 nM, 3,592 nM, and 574 nM, respectively. The D4 activity (574 nM) was the most potent among the dopamine receptors tested. [1] |
| Enzyme Assay |
Ligand Displacement Binding Assays: Benzquinamide was tested in vitro using radioligand displacement assays to determine its binding affinity (Ki) for various receptors. The specific radioligands, buffer conditions, and incubation parameters for each target were as described in the Supplementary Information (Table S6). In brief, membranes expressing the target receptor were incubated with a radiolabeled ligand specific for that receptor and varying concentrations of benzquinamide. After incubation, bound radioactivity was separated from free ligand by filtration, and the amount of bound radioligand was measured by scintillation counting. Ki values were calculated from competition curves. [1]
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
See also: Benzoquinamide hydrochloride (note moved to).
Background: Benzquinamide is an antiemetic (and also has antipsychotic use). Its primary mechanism of action was previously unknown and widely misreported. It was commonly believed to act via histamine H1 and muscarinic M1-M5 receptors, but this study found no experimental evidence for these activities. [1] - Target Discovery via Chemoinformatics: Using the similarity ensemble approach (SEA), benzquinamide was predicted to have high similarity to the ligand set of the α₂A adrenergic receptor (E-value = 2.04 × 10⁻¹⁹). It showed no significant similarity to histamine H1 or muscarinic receptor ligand sets. [1] - Target Hopping for Mechanism Elucidation: Because α₂-AR activity alone does not fully explain the antiemetic effect, a target-hopping strategy was employed. Since α₂-AR ligand sets are similar to dopamine D2 receptor ligand sets, benzquinamide was tested on dopamine receptors. The observed D4 activity (574 nM) is considered the most likely target for its antiemetic action, as dopamine D2-like receptors are well-established targets for emesis. [1] - Therapeutic Implications: The α₂-adrenergic activity may partially explain the anxiolytic effects of benzquinamide. The study highlights the importance of chemoinformatic methods in correcting misannotated drug targets and identifying the true molecular mechanisms of existing drugs. [1] |
| Molecular Formula |
C14H18O5
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
266.28972
|
| Exact Mass |
440.207
|
| CAS # |
113-69-9
|
| Related CAS # |
Benzquinamide;63-12-7
|
| PubChem CID |
101584
|
| Appearance |
Off-white to light yellow solid powder
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
7
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
30
|
| Complexity |
582
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| InChi Key |
KZLNXGBVFTWMPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C22H32N2O5.ClH/c1-6-23(7-2)22(26)17-13-24-9-8-15-10-20(27-4)21(28-5)11-16(15)18(24)12-19(17)29-14(3)25;/h10-11,17-19H,6-9,12-13H2,1-5H3;1H
|
| Chemical Name |
[3-(diethylcarbamoyl)-9,10-dimethoxy-2,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-1H-benzo[a]quinolizin-2-yl] acetate;hydrochloride
|
| Synonyms |
P-2647 hydrochloride BenzquinamidaBenzquinamide hydrochloride
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.7553 mL | 18.7765 mL | 37.5530 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7511 mL | 3.7553 mL | 7.5106 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3755 mL | 1.8777 mL | 3.7553 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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