| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 250mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Benfluralin targets plant microtubules, specifically by binding to tubulin and inhibiting microtubule polymerization. This disrupts spindle formation during cell division (mitosis), preventing chromosome separation and cell division. The compound's effects are most pronounced in germinating seeds and developing roots and shoots, where active cell division is occurring. By inhibiting microtubule formation, Benfluralin prevents normal root and shoot development, leading to weed death. The compound is applied pre-emergence to prevent weed germination and establishment.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Benfluralin demonstrates inhibition of microtubule polymerization in plant cell-free systems. The compound binds to plant tubulin and prevents the assembly of microtubules, which is essential for cell division. In plant cell cultures, Benfluralin inhibits cell division and growth in a concentration-dependent manner. The compound's herbicidal activity has been characterized in various plant species, showing efficacy against both monocot and dicot weeds. Its selectivity is based on differential sensitivity between weed species and crop plants.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Benfluralin is applied as a pre-emergent herbicide to soil before weed seeds germinate. The compound is incorporated into the soil and inhibits weed seed germination and seedling development. In field studies, Benfluralin provides effective control of a wide range of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in various crops. The compound's efficacy depends on soil incorporation, moisture, and application timing. It is used in commercial and residential applications.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays for Benfluralin typically involve tubulin binding studies using plant tubulin preparations. Purified plant tubulin is incubated with varying concentrations of Benfluralin, and microtubule polymerization is assessed by turbidity measurements or by using fluorescently labeled tubulin. The compound's ability to inhibit tubulin polymerization is quantified. Competition studies with other tubulin-binding herbicides may be conducted to assess binding site specificity. The compound's effects on cell division can be assessed in plant cell cultures.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for Benfluralin utilize plant cell cultures or protoplasts. Cells are treated with Benfluralin at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100 µM. Cell division is assessed by counting mitotic figures or by measuring DNA content using flow cytometry. Microtubule organization is visualized by immunofluorescence using anti-tubulin antibodies. Cell viability is assessed using vital stains or by measuring growth inhibition. The compound's effects on root and shoot development can be studied in seedling assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments are not typically conducted with Benfluralin for therapeutic purposes, as it is an agricultural herbicide. However, toxicology studies may be conducted for safety assessment. Rodents may be exposed to the compound via oral or dermal routes, and toxicological endpoints including organ toxicity, reproductive effects, and carcinogenicity are assessed. The compound's environmental fate and effects on non-target organisms are also studied for regulatory purposes.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
...It is generally not used in plant leaves. ...In crops grown in soil treated with phenethylamine, the absorption or translocation of phenethylamine is not significant. ...In lactating goats...it is excreted in feces. No products are secreted into milk. ...After oral administration of phenethylamine to lactating goats, the administered radioactivity was almost completely recovered from urine (10.8%) and feces (89.1%) within 5 days. ...Assuming the excretion products...are similar to those of trifluralin... After oral administration of 14C-labeled phenethylamine to lactating ruminants, radioactive residues were excreted in urine. Radioactive residues were found in milk. ...Absorbed by roots. Metabolism/Metabolites ...After incubation of phenethylamine in artificial rumen fluid for 12 hours, 99% of ... was degraded. /See source for the structural formula of the metabolite/ Unidentified polar products and unextractable radioactive products continue to increase. The anaerobic metabolites of N4-butyl-N4-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-5-nitrotoluene-3,4-diamine, N4-butyl-N4-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluorotoluene-3,4,5-triamine, N4-butyl-α,α,α-trifluorotoluene-3,4,5-triamine and α,α,α-trifluorotoluene-3,4,5-triamine… in lactating goats… are excreted in feces. Degradation products found in the plant tissues of peanuts and alfalfa grown in treated soil are consistent with those found in the soil. The highest concentrations of three products (structures see source) were (9-39 ppb, 2-57 ppb, and 8-33 ppb, etc.). Other compounds were present at concentrations below 2 ppb. Benfluralin is an agricultural chemical rather than a drug substance, so traditional pharmacokinetic studies are not applicable. When applied to soil, the compound is taken up by germinating weed seeds and inhibits their development. The compound's persistence in soil and its degradation pathways have been characterized for environmental risk assessment. Its potential for leaching, runoff, and accumulation in the environment is evaluated for regulatory purposes. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity data for Benfluralin indicate that it is of low toxicity to mammals but may be toxic to aquatic organisms. The compound is classified as a potential environmental hazard. In occupational settings, exposure to Benfluralin may cause skin or eye irritation. The compound should be handled with appropriate personal protective equipment. Comprehensive toxicology studies have been conducted for regulatory approval, and the compound is registered for agricultural use in various countries.
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| Additional Infomation |
Benfluralin is a yellow-orange solid and belongs to the herbicide class. Benfluralin is a tertiary amine compound with the chemical name 2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline, in which the hydrogen atom on the aniline nitrogen atom is replaced by an ethyl and a butyl atom. It is a pre-emergence herbicide used to control grassy weeds and other weeds in a variety of food and non-food crops. It is both a herbicide and an agrochemical. It is a tertiary amine compound, a C-nitro compound, an organofluorine compound, and a substituted aniline. Benfluralin belongs to the dinitroaniline class of herbicides and is used to control grassy weeds and other weeds. In 2004, the annual usage in the United States was approximately 700,000 pounds. Mechanism of Action: It affects seed germination and inhibits weed growth by inhibiting root and shoot development.
Benfluralin is a pre-emergent dinitroaniline herbicide used to control annual grasses and broad-leaf weeds. It has a molecular formula of C13H16F3N3O4 and a molecular weight of 335.28 g/mol. The compound inhibits microtubule formation during cell division, preventing root and shoot development in germinating weed seeds. It is used on various crops including groundnuts, tobacco, lettuce, alfalfa, and vegetables. |
| Molecular Formula |
C13H16F3N3O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
335.2791
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| Exact Mass |
335.109
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| CAS # |
1861-40-1
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| PubChem CID |
2319
|
| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
369.1±42.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
65-66.5 °C
MP: 64-66 °C /TECHNICAL PRODUCT/ |
| Flash Point |
177.0±27.9 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.8 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.528
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| LogP |
5.3
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
23
|
| Complexity |
398
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
SMDHCQAYESWHAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C13H16F3N3O4/c1-3-5-6-17(4-2)12-10(18(20)21)7-9(13(14,15)16)8-11(12)19(22)23/h7-8H,3-6H2,1-2H3
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| Chemical Name |
N-butyl-N-ethyl-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline
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| Synonyms |
Benfluralin L 54521 EL-110
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~150 mg/mL (~447.39 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.9826 mL | 14.9129 mL | 29.8258 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5965 mL | 2.9826 mL | 5.9652 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2983 mL | 1.4913 mL | 2.9826 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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