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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Targets |
The primary target of BDC2.5 mimotope 1040-31 is the BDC2.5 T-cell receptor (TCR). It is a strong agonist that specifically binds to and activates this TCR. The BDC2.5 TCR is a well-characterized TCR from a diabetogenic T cell clone, making it a key model for studying type 1 diabetes. By binding to this TCR, the mimotope triggers downstream signaling pathways that lead to T-cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production. This interaction is central to its use in studying the mechanisms of autoimmune diabetes.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, BDC2.5 mimotope 1040-31 is a strong agonistic peptide for the diabetogenic T cell clone BDC2.5. It can stimulate BDC2.5 cells, with cells showing a good response to this mimotope. Its activity is assessed by its ability to activate BDC2.5 TCR Tg+ T cells in culture. This activation is typically measured by T-cell proliferation, cytokine production (e.g., IL-2, IFN-gamma), and upregulation of activation markers. It is a key tool for studying the specificity and function of this diabetogenic T-cell clone.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, BDC2.5 mimotope 1040-31 is used in mouse models to study the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. By administering this mimotope, researchers can activate the BDC2.5 T cells in vivo, allowing them to study the progression of autoimmune diabetes. It can be used to track and study the diabetogenic T-cell response, providing insights into the mechanisms that lead to the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells. This model is crucial for testing immunotherapies and understanding the disease process.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Cell-free receptor binding assays for BDC2.5 mimotope 1040-31 are not typically performed, as it is a peptide that activates a cellular receptor, the TCR. The interaction is typically studied in cellular assays. However, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) can be used to study the direct binding of the mimotope to the recombinant BDC2.5 TCR. The peptide is immobilized on a sensor chip, and the TCR is flowed over it. The binding affinity (Kd) is determined from the association and dissociation rates. This provides a direct measure of the mimotope's affinity for the TCR.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular experiments, BDC2.5 TCR Tg+ T cells are cultured in appropriate media. These cells are treated with BDC2.5 mimotope 1040-31 at various concentrations (typically 0.1-100 ug/mL). T-cell activation is assessed by measuring proliferation using [3H]-thymidine incorporation or CFSE dilution. Cytokine production (e.g., IL-2, IFN-gamma) in the supernatant is measured by ELISA. The upregulation of activation markers (e.g., CD25, CD69) is assessed by flow cytometry. These experiments define the potency and efficacy of the mimotope.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with BDC2.5 mimotope 1040-31 are conducted in BDC2.5 TCR transgenic mice, which are a well-established model for studying type 1 diabetes. A common protocol involves injecting the mimotope subcutaneously or intraperitoneally at various doses (e.g., 10-100 ug per mouse). The effects on the immune system are assessed by monitoring T-cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production in lymphoid organs. In some models, the progression of diabetes is monitored by measuring blood glucose levels and assessing insulitis (inflammation of the pancreatic islets).
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
BDC2.5 mimotope 1040-31 is a peptide with a molecular weight of 1348.61 g/mol and a molecular formula of C63H97N17O14S. Its sequence is YVRPLWVRME. As a peptide, it is administered by injection in experimental settings. It is stable as a powder and should be stored at -80degC for long-term storage or at -20degC for up to a year. It is soluble in aqueous buffers or DMSO. Its half-life in vivo is short due to proteolytic degradation.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of BDC2.5 mimotope 1040-31 is not extensively characterized, as it is used as a research tool in specific mouse models. At the doses used for T-cell stimulation, it is generally well-tolerated. However, as a strong agonist, it can induce a robust immune response, which could be pathological if not controlled. The compound is for research use only and not for human therapeutic use. It should be handled with standard laboratory precautions.
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| Additional Infomation |
BDC2.5 mimotope 1040-31 is a synthetic peptide that mimics an antigenic determinant recognized by the BDC2.5 T-cell receptor. It is a strong agonist for the diabetogenic T cell clone BDC2.5. It is used as a research tool to study type 1 diabetes, specifically the autoimmune T-cell response that targets pancreatic beta cells. It is specific for BDC2.5 TCR Tg+ T cells and is a key reagent for studying the mechanisms of autoimmune diabetes.
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| Molecular Formula |
C65H101N17O16S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
1408.6667535305
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| Exact Mass |
1347.712
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| CAS # |
329696-49-3
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| Related CAS # |
BDC2.5 mimotope 1040-31 TFA
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| PubChem CID |
155977594
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
-1.4
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
17
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
18
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
40
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| Heavy Atom Count |
95
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| Complexity |
2640
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
10
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| SMILES |
CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@@H]3CCCN3C(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)N
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| InChi Key |
PSQOJBFNOHZXHH-RQXVNRIXSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C63H97N17O14S/c1-33(2)29-46(77-57(89)48-17-12-27-80(48)60(92)44(16-11-26-70-63(67)68)74-59(91)50(34(3)4)78-52(84)40(64)30-36-18-20-38(81)21-19-36)55(87)76-47(31-37-32-71-41-14-9-8-13-39(37)41)56(88)79-51(35(5)6)58(90)73-42(15-10-25-69-62(65)66)53(85)72-43(24-28-95-7)54(86)75-45(61(93)94)22-23-49(82)83/h8-9,13-14,18-21,32-35,40,42-48,50-51,71,81H,10-12,15-17,22-31,64H2,1-7H3,(H,72,85)(H,73,90)(H,74,91)(H,75,86)(H,76,87)(H,77,89)(H,78,84)(H,79,88)(H,82,83)(H,93,94)(H4,65,66,69)(H4,67,68,70)/t40-,42-,43-,44-,45-,46-,47-,48-,50-,51-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]pentanedioic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.7099 mL | 3.5494 mL | 7.0989 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.1420 mL | 0.7099 mL | 1.4198 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0710 mL | 0.3549 mL | 0.7099 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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