| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| Targets |
Bakkenolide A targets multiple cellular pathways, with a key mechanism involving the inhibition of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3). It also modulates the PI3K/Akt signaling cascade. This regulation leads to the downregulation of key proteins in these pathways, including PI3K, PDK, PKC, and activated Akt. Furthermore, Bakkenolide A inactivates the NF-kappaB signaling pathway and suppresses the expression of IKKs, which contributes to its anti-inflammatory effects.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Bakkenolide A exhibits significant anticancer activity by reducing the viability of leukemia cells and inhibiting cell colony formation and invasion. Its activity is linked to the downregulation of HDAC3 expression. The compound also suppresses the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, TGF-beta1, and IFN-gamma in leukemia cells. Cytotoxicity tests confirm its marked cytotoxic activity against various cancer cell lines. It is soluble in DMSO up to 47 mg/mL.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Bakkenolide A has demonstrated protective effects against cancer and inflammatory conditions. One study showed it has a protective effect against cerebral ischemia/hypoxia in a mouse model. It also exhibits potent antifeedant and growth inhibitory effects on insects like the variegated cutworm. In pharmacokinetic studies in rats, Bakkenolide A is absorbed after oral administration, reaching a peak plasma concentration at 0.25 hours.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Cell-free assays typically measure Bakkenolide A's inhibition of HDAC3 enzymatic activity. The compound is incubated with the HDAC3 enzyme and a fluorogenic substrate. After the reaction, the degree of deacetylation is measured, often using a fluorescence plate reader, and the IC50 value is calculated. Its ability to modulate the PI3K/Akt pathway can be assessed in cell-free kinase assays, where the compound's effect on the phosphorylation of specific peptide substrates by these kinases is measured.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays are performed using cancer cell lines, such as leukemia cells. Cells are cultured and treated with varying concentrations of Bakkenolide A for a defined period. Cell viability is assessed using standard assays like MTT or CellTiter-Glo. Cell colony formation and invasion are evaluated to determine its anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic potential. The mechanism is investigated by analyzing the expression of target proteins (e.g., HDAC3, PI3K, Akt) and inflammatory cytokines via Western blot or qPCR.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo efficacy studies are conducted in animal models, such as rodents, to assess its anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects. For pharmacokinetic studies, a single dose of Bakkenolide A (e.g., 20 mg/kg orally or 2 mg/kg intravenously) is administered to rats. Blood samples are collected at various time points, and plasma concentrations are analyzed using a validated LC-MS/MS method. This method has a lower limit of quantification of 1 ng/mL.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic studies in rats reveal that after a single oral dose of 20 mg/kg, Bakkenolide A reaches a peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of 234.7 +/- 161 ng/mL at 0.25 hours. The area under the curve (AUC(0-24h)) is 535.8 +/- 223.7 h·ng/mL, and the elimination half-life (T1/2) is 5.0 +/- 0.36 hours. After intravenous administration of 2 mg/kg, the T1/2 is 5.8 +/- 0.7 hours. The oral bioavailability of Bakkenolide A in rats is calculated to be 15.7%.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Bakkenolide A is classified as a toxic compound that can be a moderate to severe irritant to the skin and eyes. It is also considered toxic if swallowed and may pose a risk of serious damage to health with prolonged exposure. Safety data sheets recommend handling it with appropriate personal protective equipment, including chemical-resistant gloves and safety goggles. It is considered stable if stored as directed, and its decomposition can produce toxic fumes.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Bakkenolone A is a sesquiterpene compound. It has been reported in Ligularia kanaitzensis, Ligularia dolichobotrys, and other organisms with relevant data. See also: Root (part) of Petasites hybridus.
Bakkenolide A (Fukinanolid) is a natural sesquiterpene lactone primarily investigated for its anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. Its mechanism of action involves the inhibition of HDAC3 and modulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. It exhibits antifeedant activity against insects. The compound is a crystalline solid with a melting point of 148-149degC and is soluble in DMSO. It is a research tool and is not approved for human therapeutic or diagnostic use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C15H22O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
234.33398
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| Exact Mass |
234.161
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| CAS # |
19906-72-0
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| PubChem CID |
442173
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.1±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
360.7±31.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
80-81 °C
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| Flash Point |
150.7±22.2 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.8 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.518
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| LogP |
3.67
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
17
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| Complexity |
386
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
4
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| SMILES |
C[C@H]1CCC[C@H]2[C@@]1(C[C@]3(C2)C(=C)COC3=O)C
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| InChi Key |
OVXAYHNZXBOVPV-QMGNLALYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C15H22O2/c1-10-5-4-6-12-7-15(9-14(10,12)3)11(2)8-17-13(15)16/h10,12H,2,4-9H2,1,3H3/t10-,12+,14+,15+/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2R,3aR,7S,7aR)-7,7a-dimethyl-4'-methylidenespiro[3,3a,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-indene-2,3'-oxolane]-2'-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.2675 mL | 21.3374 mL | 42.6749 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8535 mL | 4.2675 mL | 8.5350 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4267 mL | 2.1337 mL | 4.2675 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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