| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| 500mg | ||
| 1g | ||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary target of Bactenecin is the bacterial cell membrane. As a cationic antimicrobial peptide, it binds to negatively charged phospholipids on bacterial membranes, disrupting membrane integrity and causing leakage of intracellular contents. This membrane-active mechanism is distinct from classical antibiotic targets and reduces the likelihood of resistance development. Bactenecin also inhibits the growth of yeast and kills the fungus Trichophyton rubrum.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Solid-phase peptide synthesis is used to create bactenecin, which is then renatured to its complete disulfide form. The growth of E was suppressed by bactenecin. Coli and S. aureus at levels consistent with those found in reports for peptides isolated from bovine neutrophils. Trichophyton rubrum is killed by betainenecin, which also prevents the growth of other yeasts and bacteria that are significant to medicine [1]. Dodecapeptide bentenecin is extremely cytotoxic to human glioma cells, fetal rat astrocytes, and rat embryonic neurons [2]. Bactenecin causes disruption of the inner membrane of live cells by binding more firmly to LPS. Dyes can seep through membranes when Bactenecin interacts with model membranes, altering their fluidity and permeability [3].
In vitro, Bactenecin inhibits the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus at the same concentration. It also inhibits the growth of yeast and kills the fungus Trichophyton rubrum. The peptide exhibits broad antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. Bactenecin is used as a reference antimicrobial peptide in mechanism-of-action studies. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo activity data for Bactenecin are limited in public literature. As a potent antimicrobial peptide with broad-spectrum activity, it would be expected to reduce bacterial burden in animal infection models. However, detailed pharmacokinetic and efficacy data are not extensively reported. It remains a research tool for studying innate immunity and for developing peptide-based antimicrobial agents.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For non-cellular binding assays, Bactenecin binding to lipid membranes is assessed using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) or isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) with model lipid bilayers. The peptide is also tested for its ability to induce calcein release from liposomes, which measures membrane permeabilization. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is used to determine the peptide's secondary structure in the presence of lipid vesicles.
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| Cell Assay |
For cell-based assays, bacterial strains are grown to mid-logarithmic phase and diluted in fresh medium. Serial dilutions of Bactenecin are added to 96-well plates, and bacterial growth is measured after 18-24 hours at 37°C by optical density at 600 nm. The MIC is defined as the lowest peptide concentration that inhibits visible growth. Antifungal activity is assessed against Trichophyton rubrum.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo experiments, Bactenecin is evaluated in animal infection models, such as mice with systemic or localized bacterial infections. The peptide is administered intravenously or topically, and antibacterial efficacy is assessed by monitoring animal survival, bacterial burden in tissues, and inflammatory markers. However, specific published in vivo protocols for this compound are limited.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Bacteriocins are cyclic peptides.
|
| Molecular Formula |
C63H118N24O13S2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
1483.89402
|
| Exact Mass |
1482.88
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| CAS # |
116229-36-8
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| Related CAS # |
Bactenecin TFA
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| PubChem CID |
163998
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| Sequence |
Arg-Leu-Cys-Arg-Ile-Val-Val-Ile-Arg-Val-Cys-Arg (Disulfide bridge: Cys3-Cys11)RLCRIVVIRVCR (Disulfide bridge: Cys3-Cys11)
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| SequenceShortening |
RLCRIVVIRVCR (Disulfide bridge: Cys3-Cys11)
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| Density |
1.43g/cm3
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| Index of Refraction |
1.649
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| Source |
Originated from animals: bovine neutrophils
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| LogP |
5.552
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
21
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
20
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
32
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| Heavy Atom Count |
102
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| Complexity |
2890
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
[RLCRIVVIRVCR (Disulfide bridge: Cys3-Cys11)]
|
| InChi Key |
RHISNKCGUDDGEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C63H118N24O13S2/c1-13-34(11)46-57(97)78-38(21-17-25-75-62(69)70)49(89)83-43(31(5)6)54(94)82-42(53(93)79-39(59(99)100)22-18-26-76-63(71)72)29-102-101-28-41(81-51(91)40(27-30(3)4)80-48(88)36(64)19-15-23-73-60(65)66)52(92)77-37(20-16-24-74-61(67)68)50(90)86-47(35(12)14-2)58(98)85-44(32(7)8)55(95)84-45(33(9)10)56(96)87-46/h30-47H,13-29,64H2,1-12H3,(H,77,92)(H,78,97)(H,79,93)(H,80,88)(H,81,91)(H,82,94)(H,83,89)(H,84,95)(H,85,98)(H,86,90)(H,87,96)(H,99,100)(H4,65,66,73)(H4,67,68,74)(H4,69,70,75)(H4,71,72,76)
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| Chemical Name |
2-[[28-[[2-[[2-amino-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-13,22-di(butan-2-yl)-10,25-bis[3-(diaminomethylideneamino)propyl]-6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27-octaoxo-7,16,19-tri(propan-2-yl)-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26-octazacyclononacosane-4-carbonyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.6739 mL | 3.3695 mL | 6.7390 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.1348 mL | 0.6739 mL | 1.3478 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0674 mL | 0.3370 mL | 0.6739 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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